中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去式
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們要學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去式, 看看在敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的時(shí)候動(dòng)詞有什么樣的變化.
現(xiàn)在我們先來(lái)聽(tīng)一段會(huì)話, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)彼得和他的同學(xué)瑪麗談?wù)撍麄內(nèi)ツ甑氖罴僮髁诵┦裁词虑? 這段會(huì)話里用的動(dòng)詞大多數(shù)是簡(jiǎn)單過(guò)去式, 請(qǐng)你特別注意聽(tīng), 同時(shí)也要注意英文老師的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào).
M: Where did you go during vacation?
F: I didn't go anywhere. I stayed home.
M: Did you work?
F: No, I took two courses in summer school.
M: Why did you do that?
F: Because I wanted to get ahead a little.
M: How were those courses?
F: They were interesting and I met a lot of people.
M: You were very busy then.
F: Yes, I enjoyed the summer very much.
現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)英文老師用慢速度再把剛才那段會(huì)話念一遍.
M: Where did you go during vacation?
F: I didn't go anywhere. I stayed home.
M: Did you work?
F: No, I took two courses in summer school.
M: Why did you do that?
F: Because I wanted to get ahead a little.
M: How were those courses?
F: They were interesting and I met a lot of people.
M: You were very busy then.
F: Yes, I enjoyed the summer very much.
在剛才那段會(huì)話里, 用了許多過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞, 現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)英文老師再把那些句子挑選幾個(gè)出來(lái), 用慢速度念一遍給你聽(tīng).
M: Where did you go during vacation?
F: I stayed home.
F: I took two courses in summer school.
F: I wanted to get ahead a little.
M: How were those courses?
F: I met a lot of people.
F: I enjoyed the summer very much.
二. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
聽(tīng)了剛才那段會(huì)話,你或許已經(jīng)注意到了英文動(dòng)詞分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞. 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式就是: 在現(xiàn)在式動(dòng)詞后面加上 e-d, 比方: "停留" stay, s-t-a-y,stay, "要" want, w-a-n-t, want, 都是這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞.
下面我們用這些過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞作句子.下面這些句子敘述瑪麗去年夏天作的事.每個(gè)句子我們念兩遍, 請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍, 跟著重復(fù)一遍:
M: Mary stayed home last summer.
F: Mary stayed home last summer.
M: Mary enjoyed going to summer school.
F: Mary enjoyed going to summer school.
M: Mary traveled to interesting places.
F: Mary traveled to interesting places.
M: Mary visited her friends.
F: Mary visited her friends.
下面這些句子敘述彼得去年夏天的活動(dòng). 還是請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一遍, 跟著重復(fù)一遍.
M: Peter worked at a gasoline station.
F: Peter worked at a gasoline station.
M: Peter repaired cars.
F: Peter repaired cars.
M: Peter saved a lot of money.
F: Peter saved a lot of money.
M: Peter helped his father.
F: Peter helped his father.
下面我們來(lái)作換字練習(xí). 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容都是說(shuō)瑪麗昨天晚上作了什么事, 比方她彈吉他, 學(xué)法文等等. 首先由老師念一個(gè)句子, 然后老師給你一個(gè)新詞組, 請(qǐng)你把新詞組代換到原來(lái)的句子里. 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確的答案.
M: Mary played guitar last night.
M: listened to the radio
F: Mary listened to the radio last night.
M: washed dishes
F: Mary washed dishes last night.
M: typed a letter
F: Mary typed a letter last night.
M: studied French
F: Mary studied French last night.
下面一組代換練習(xí)敘述的是彼得昨天晚上的活動(dòng). 還是請(qǐng)你跟剛才一樣練習(xí).每作完一句就聽(tīng)我們的正確答案.
M: Peter talked to his father last night.
M: needed some money
F: Peter needed some money last night.
M: borrowed ten dollars
F: Peter borrowed ten dollars last night.
M: watched television
F: Peter watched television last night.
M: cleaned up his room
F: Peter cleaned up his room last night.
剛才我們練習(xí)了用規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式作肯定句, 現(xiàn)在我們看一看怎么樣把那些句子變成問(wèn)句. 在把過(guò)去式句子變成問(wèn)句的時(shí)候要用 did, d-i-d, did 開(kāi)頭. 請(qǐng)注意: 用了did 之后, 句子里的主要?jiǎng)釉~保持現(xiàn)在式. 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)作一組練習(xí). 由老師用did 開(kāi)頭作一些過(guò)去式的問(wèn)句, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生作簡(jiǎn)短的答覆. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).
M: Did Mary stay home last summer?
F: Yes, she did.
M: Did Mary enjoy going to summer school?
F: Yes, she did.
M: Did Mary work last summer?
F: No, she didn't.
M: Did Peter work at a gasoline station?
F: Yes, he did.
M: Did Peter travel last summer?
F: No, he didn't.
M: Did Peter save a lot of money last summer?
F: Yes, he did.
現(xiàn)在我們換一個(gè)方式作練習(xí). 由老師以過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞作一個(gè)陳述句, 請(qǐng)學(xué)生用did跟老師提出的新主詞把原來(lái)的句子改成問(wèn)句; 然后學(xué)生再用 didn't 作否定的答覆. 首先我們要舉個(gè)例子:
M: Peter watched television last weekend.
M: Mary
F: Did Mary watch television last weekend?
F: No, she didn't watch.
現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始. 請(qǐng)你在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候也跟著作.
M: Peter watched television last weekend.
M: Mary
F: Did Mary watch television last weekend?
F: No, she didn't watch.
M: Mary listened to the radio last night.
M: Peter
F: Did Peter listen to the radio last night?
F: No, he didn't listen.
M: Henry worked in the office yesterday.
M: Nancy
F: Did Nancy work in the office yesterday?
F: No, she didn't work.
M: Kate cooked last night.
M: Henry
F: Did Henry cook last night?
F: No, he didn't cook.
三.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式
學(xué)完了規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式, 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)學(xué)比較難一點(diǎn)兒的, 也就是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞. 我們給你舉一些例子, 男老師念現(xiàn)在式動(dòng)詞, 接著女老師念過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng). 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始:
做 do did
吃 eat ate
給 give gave
去 go went
有 have had
制作 make made
遇到 meet met
看見(jiàn) see saw
賣(mài) sell sold
坐 sit sat
花費(fèi) spend spent
拿 take took
好了, 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)作換字練習(xí). 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容都是說(shuō)彼得昨天在學(xué)校作了什么事. 比方: 他發(fā)表了演說(shuō); 跟瑪麗吃了午飯等等. 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案.
M: Peter went to school yesterday.
M: saw Mary in school
F: Peter saw Mary in school yesterday.
M: met a lot of friends
F: Peter met a lot of friends yesterday.
M: made a speech
F: Peter made a speech yesterday.
M: ate lunch with Mary
F: Peter ate lunch with Mary yesterday.
M: had a cup of coffee
F: Peter had a cup of coffee yesterday.
M: sat next to Mary in the library
F: Peter sat next to Mary in the library yesterday.
M: sold two books
F: Peter sold two books yesterday.
M: took Mary home
F: Peter took Mary home yesterday.
M: gave Mary a ride
F: Peter gave Mary a ride yesterday.
在下面一組練習(xí)里, 老師用did 作一個(gè)過(guò)去式的問(wèn)句,請(qǐng)學(xué)生作肯定的答覆.別忘了, 在作肯定答覆的時(shí)侯, 必須把現(xiàn)在式動(dòng)詞改成過(guò)去式. 好,現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始. 請(qǐng)你在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時(shí)候也跟著作.
M: Did Peter spend some money yesterday?
F: Yes, he spent some money yesterday
M: Did Mary meet a lot of friends in summer school?
F: Yes, she met a lot of friends in summer school.
M: Did Peter go to school yesterday?
F: Yes, he went to school yesterday.
M: Did Mary sit next to Peter in class yesterday?
F: Yes, she sat next to Peter in class yesterday.
M: Did Peter eat lunch yesterday?
F: Yes, he ate lunch yesterday.
M: Did Mary have an exam yesterday?
F: Yes, she had an exam yesterday.
M: Did Henry make a fancy dish last week?
F: Yes, he made a fancy dish last week.
M: Did Henry give Nancy a ride to the drugstore last week?
F: Yes, he gave Nancy a ride to the drugstore last week.
M: Did Henry take Nancy home last week?
F: Yes, he took Nancy home last week.
M: Did Nancy see a doctor last week?
F: Yes, she saw a doctor last week.
四.聽(tīng)短文回答問(wèn)題
首先請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一段文章, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)彼得和瑪麗去年暑假里各作了些什么事,比方瑪麗上了暑期學(xué)校, 又跟家里人去旅行了;彼得呢在加油站工作, 給人修車(chē), 存了不少錢(qián)作大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)等等.
現(xiàn)在老師先用自然速度念一遍給你聽(tīng).
Most American school students have a long summer vacation. It is usually from June to September. During this vacation, students often travel or have summer jobs. Some students take courses in summer school. Mary spent her last summer in summer school. She studied two courses and she traveled with her family. They saw interesting places near their home in Seattle. Mary's friend, Peter, worked at a gasoline station during the summer. He sold gasoline and repaired cars. He made a lot of money and saved nearly all of it. Peter is going to the university next year. He needs money for the university tuition.
等一會(huì)兒, 我再請(qǐng)英文老師把整段文章用慢速度念一遍. 現(xiàn)在我們先把今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題念給你聽(tīng).
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What do American students do in the summer vacation?
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What did Mary do last summer?
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Why did Peter save nearly all of his money?
下面我請(qǐng)英文老師再把整段文章用慢速度念一遍, 請(qǐng)你特別注意剛才三個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案.
Most American school students have a long summer vacation. It is usually from June to September. During this vacation, students often travel or have summer jobs. Some students take courses in summer school. Mary spent her last summer in summer school. She studied two courses and she traveled with her family. They saw interesting places near their home in Seattle. Mary's friend, Peter, worked at a gasoline station during the summer. He sold gasoline and repaired cars. He made a lot of money and saved nearly all of it. Peter is going to the university next year. He needs money for the university tuition.
好, 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答問(wèn)題. 回答之后, 老師會(huì)念出正確的答案, 你自己比較一下, 看答對(duì)了沒(méi)有.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What do American students do in the summer vacation?
F: They travel,have summer jobs or take summer courses in summer school.
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What did Mary do last summer?
F: She studied two courses in summer school and traveled with her family.
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Why did Peter save nearly all of his money?
F: He did it because he needs money for the university tuition.
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