中級美國英語助動詞 should和must
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里, 我們要學習的是助動詞should, s-h-o-u-l-d, should 跟must, m-u-s-t, must的用法. 我們也要看看這兩個助動詞的否定式should not也就shouldn't 和must not也就是mustn't 在意思上跟don't have to這個詞組有什么分別.
首先我還是請兩位英文老師給你念一段對話, 請你注意聽英文老師的發(fā)音和聲調.
F: Peter, can you help me for a minute?
M: Yes, what do you want me to do?
F: Will you take the garbage out?
M: Do I have to do it now?
F: Well, you don't have to it now. But don't forget to do it today.
M: All right. I really must go now; otherwise I'll be late for school.
F: You have an exam this morning, don't you? You mustn't be late. Maybe you should ask your father for a ride.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們再把剛才那段對話用慢速度念一遍, 請你注意聽:
F: Peter, can you help me for a minute?
M: Yes, what do you want me to do?
F: Will you take the garbage out?
M: Do I have to do it now?
F: Well, you don't have to. But don't forget to do it today.
M: All right. I really must go now; otherwise I'll be late for school.
F: You have an exam this morning, don't you? You mustn't be late. Maybe you should ask your father for a ride.
在彼得跟他母親的這段對話里, 有幾個句子用了我們今天要學的助動詞 should, must 跟它們的否定式 shouldn't, mustn't 還有 have to 跟 don't have to 這兩個詞組, 現(xiàn)在我請老師把包含了這些詞的句子用慢速度再念一遍給你聽:
M: Do I have to do it now?
F: You don't have to.
M: I really must go now.
F: You mustn't be late. Maybe you should ask your father for a ride.
二.SHOULD
好了, 現(xiàn)在該作練習了. 首先我們來學怎么用 should. 這個字是用來勸告別人應該做些什么事. 比方有一句話: "天冷了, 你應該穿毛衣," 這句話, 你可以這樣說: It's cold. You should wear a sweater.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們給你多舉一些例子. 每個句子我們念兩遍, 請你聽一遍, 跟著重復一遍.
M: It's cold. You should wear a sweater.
F: It's cold.You should wear a sweater.
M: Peter is late. He should ask his father for a ride.
F: Peter is late. He should ask his father for a ride.
M: Henry is heavy. He should get in shape again.
F: Henry is heavy. He should get in shape again.
M: Kate is hungry. She should eat something.
F: Kate is hungry. She should eat something.
M: Your room is messy. You should clean it up.
F: Your room is messy. You should clean it up.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們換一個方式作練習, 先由老師說一句話, 比方: "下雨了!" It's raining. 接著老師給你一個詞組: "帶雨傘" carry an umbrella 請你用 should 這個字來完成句子, 所以答案就是: "下雨了, 你應該帶雨傘". It's raining. You should carry an umbrella. 好, 現(xiàn)在我們開始練習. 在你作完句子之后,請注意聽正確的答案.
M: Peter is a good player.
M: join the team
F: peter is a good player. He should join the team.
M: Henry is tired.
M: take a rest
F: Henry is tired. He should take a rest.
M: Kate is thirsty.
M: have a glass of water.
F: Kate is thirsty. She should have a glass of water.
M: Your shirt is dirty.
M: change into a clean one
F: Your shirt is dirty. You should change into a clean one.
M: It's raining.
M: carry an umbrella
F: It's raining. You should carry an umbrella.
剛才那組練習你都作對了嗎? 下面我們來練習 should 的否定式 should not. 這兩個字可以簡縮為 shouldn't, 意思就是勸人不要做什么事. 我們作的是換字練習. 老師先念一句話, 接著老師給你一個新的詞組, 請你把新的詞組代換到原來的句子里. 每作完一句, 就請你聽正確答案.
M: You shouldn't spend so much money.
M: drink so much coffee
F: You shouldn't drink so much coffee.
M: buy so many records
F: You shouldn't buy so many records.
M: go to so many movies
F: You shouldn't go to so many movies.
M: drive so fast
F: You shouldn't drive so fast.
三.MUST
下面我們來學另外一個助動詞 must. 這個字表示必須作某件事情, 沒有其他選擇. 比方有一句話: " 亨利要上飛機了, 他非有飛機票不可 ", 這句話英文可以這么說: Henry is going on an airplane. He must have a ticket.
現(xiàn)在我們給你多舉一些例子. 每個句子我們還是念兩遍, 還是請你聽一遍, 重復一遍.
M: Henry is going on an airplane. He must have a ticket.
F: Henry is going on an airplane. He must have a ticket.
M: Kate is going to a formal party. She must wear a dress.
F: Kate is going to a formal party. She must wear a dress.
M: Linda is going to buy a record. She must save some money.
F: Linda is going to buy a record. She must save some money.
M: Mary has an exam tomorrow. She must study hard.
F: Mary has an exam tomorrow. She must study hard.
M: Peter has a class at 7 o'clock. He must get up early.
F: Peter has a class at 7 o'clock. He must get up early.
M: Susan doesn't have a car. She must go to her job by train.
F: Susan doesn't have a car. She must go to her job by train.
must 的否定式是 must not, 也可以簡縮為 mustn't. 這個詞是用來表示一定不應該作的事. 下面這組練習內容都是說彼得在上課的時候不應該作的一些事. 由老師先念一個句子: peter mustn't sleep in class. 接著老師念一個新詞組: eat lunch. 請你用新詞組把原來的句子改為: Peter mustn't eat lunch in class. 好, 現(xiàn)在我們開始作換字練習. 每作完一句就請你聽正確答案.
M: Peter mustn't sleep in class.
M: eat lunch
F: Peter mustn't eat lunch in class.
M: talk
F: Peter mustn't talk in class.
M: smoke
F: Peter mustn't smoke in class.
M: write letters
F: Peter mustn't write letters in class.
M: look out of window
F: Peter mustn't look out of window in class.
M: listen to the radio
F: Peter mustn't listen to the radio in class.
四.HAVE TO
剛才我們學習了兩個助動詞 should 和 must, 還有它們的否定式 shouldn't 和 mustn't, 現(xiàn)在我們來學習另外一個意思跟 must 相同的詞組 have to. 這個詞組也是用來表示非作某件事不可. 比方有一句話: "你非得清理院嗎?" 英文可以這樣說: Do you have to clean the yard? 另外一句話: "你 得工作掙零用錢嗎?" 英文可以這樣說: Do you have to work to earn your allowance? 好, 現(xiàn)在我們來練習這類句子.由老師念一個句子, 然后老師給你一個新詞組, 請你用這個新詞組作換字練習. 作完一句就聽正確答案.
M: Do you have to clean the yard?
M: practice everyday
F: Do you have to practice everyday?
M: go to the supermarket
F: Do you have to go to the supermarket?
M: wash the dishes
F: Do you have to wash the dishes?
M: change your clothes
F: Do you have to change your clothes?
M: work to earn your allowance
F: Do you have to work to earn your allowance?
凡是陳述句的主詞是第三人稱 "他" 的時候, 就應該用 has to. 下面我們要練習這類句子. 老師先用 does, d-o-e-s, does 開頭作問句, 請你用 has to 來回答問題. 作完一句還是請你聽正確答案.
M: Does he have to go to New York?
F: Yes, he has to go to New York.
M: Does he have to clean up his room?
F: Yes, he has to clean up his room.
M: Does she have to take the bus?
F: Yes, she has to take the bus.
M: Does she have to drop this course?
F: Yes, she has to drop this course.
have to 的否定式 don't have to 跟 has to 的否定式 doesn't have to 都可以用來表示不一定非得作某件事, 而有其他選擇. 在下面一組練習里, 我們要多學學這類句子. 每個句子我們還是念兩遍, 還是請你聽一遍, 重復一遍:
M: I don't have to buy records. I can listen to the radio.
F: I don't have to buy records. I can listen to the radio.
M: You don't have to go to the movies. You can stay home and watch television.
F: You don't have to go to the movies. You can stay home and watch television.
M: We don't have to take the train. We can take the bus.
F: We don't have to take the train. We can take the bus.
M: They don't have to drink coffee. They can drink tea.
F: They don't have to drink coffee. They can drink tea.
M: He doesn't have to wear a white shirt. He can wear a blue one.
F: He doesn't have to wear a white shirt. He can wear a blue one.
M: She doesn't have to cook. She can go out to eat.
F: She doesn't have to cook. She can go out to eat.
五.聽短文回答問題
首先還是請你聽一段文章, 內容是說彼得跟琳達兄妹兩個人應該幫著作 些什么家事才能每星期拿零用錢.
現(xiàn)在請你注意聽:
Every week Peter and Linda receive five dollars from their parents. This money is their weekly allowance. It is not a gift. Peter and Linda must work for the family to earn the money. Peter takes out the garbage and cleans the yard around the house. He should do it everyday, but sometimes he forgets. Linda helps her mother with the cooking. She also washes the dishes after dinner. Peter and Linda don't have to use their money for food. They use it for their entertainment. Sometimes they go to the movies. Sometimes they buy records. Each week they save some of their money to buy something more expensive.
剛才那段文章你聽懂了多少? 文章里包含了今天教的語法, 你是不是注意 到了? 等一會兒我們會把整段文章再念一遍. 現(xiàn)在我們把今天測驗的三個問題先念一遍給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: What should Peter do to earn his weekly allowance?
第二個問題是:
M: Does Linda have to use her allowance for food?
下面是第三個問題:
M: How do Peter and Linda spend their money?
好了, 現(xiàn)在我們再把剛才那段文章用慢速度念一遍給你聽, 請你特別注意剛才那三個問題的答案.
Every week Peter and Linda receive five dollars from their parents. This money is their weekly allowance. It is not a gift. Peter and Linda must work for the family to earn the money. Peter takes out the garbage and cleans the yard around the house. He should do it everyday, but sometimes he forgets. Linda helps her mother with the cooking. She also washes the dishes after dinner. Peter and Linda don't have to use their money for food. They use it for their entertainment. Sometimes they go to the movies. Sometimes they buy records. Each week they save some of their money to buy something more expensive.
現(xiàn)在要請你回答今天測驗的三個問題. 在你回答以后, 請你聽老師說正確答案, 看你答對了沒有.
下面是第一個問題:
M: What should Peter do to earn his weekly allowance?
F: He should take out the garbage and clean the yard around the house.
第二個問題是:
M: Does Linda have to use her allowance for food?
F: No, she doesn't have to use her allowance for food.
現(xiàn)在請你回答第三個問題:
M: How do Peter and Linda spend their money?
F: Sometimes they go to the movies. Sometimes they buy records
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