長句和短句是就句子的字?jǐn)?shù)多少、形體長短而言的。長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。長句,因?yàn)槭褂玫亩ㄕZ、狀語較多,限制了概念的外延,增大了概念的內(nèi)涵,所以比較精確、嚴(yán)密,但使用起來不夠活潑簡便。短句,由于字?jǐn)?shù)少,直截了當(dāng),一般比較簡潔、明快、有力,但不利于表達(dá)復(fù)雜的語義內(nèi)容。長短句結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用是雅思大作文的必備技巧,這既體現(xiàn)了節(jié)奏上的要求,也是意義上的需要。
例如:(1)We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.(2)There are many trees along the streets.(3)There is a clean river in the city.(4) There are many fishes in the river.(5)There are willow trees on the one side.(6)There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.(7)There are many flowers on them.
文中七個(gè)句子都是簡單句,句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一,而且句子長短同一,都在七、八詞左右,十分單調(diào)。
修改后的段落:(1)Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.(2)Green trees line the streets.(3)A clean river winds through the city,in which a lot of fishes abound.(4)On the one side stand rows of willow trees.(5)On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.
改寫后的這段文字,有長句(1)、(3)、(5),也有短句(2)和(4),一長一短,抑揚(yáng)頓挫的節(jié)奏感就出來了。不僅句子長短交插,而且句型結(jié)構(gòu)變化也很大,使文章流暢自然,生動(dòng)活潑。