針對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象,寫(xiě)作組專(zhuān)家做了一下總結(jié),絕大多數(shù)雅思大作文話(huà)題都可以通過(guò)以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)論據(jù)擴(kuò)展十二大法則),現(xiàn)列舉如下:經(jīng)濟(jì)(economy)、就業(yè)(employment)、時(shí)間(time)、空間(space)、心理(psychology)、生理(physiology)、環(huán)境(environment)、教育(education)、文化(culture)、科技(technology)、情感(emotion)和個(gè)人權(quán)利(human right)。
在此,將通過(guò)列舉一些例題來(lái)印證這十二大法則的實(shí)戰(zhàn)性。
Some people think tobacco should be made illegal in the same way as other drugs because the products containing it are addictive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
通過(guò)審題,此題問(wèn)是否同意煙草行業(yè)被取締。同意則要列舉煙草的一系列缺點(diǎn),反之不同意,可列舉其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。我們馬上來(lái)看看十二大法則,當(dāng)然不是每一項(xiàng)都應(yīng)用,但是大多數(shù)都可以適用。
Advantages
經(jīng)濟(jì):revenue-rising for the country and businessmen concerning this arena,
就業(yè):offer the opportunities of employment in various fronts, including manufacturing, transporting, selling, governing, for residents
時(shí)間: killing the time
心理: relieve one’s pressure
文化: forming / shaping cigar culture
Disadvantages
經(jīng)濟(jì): money-consuming for smokers
生理: be addictive to it,
harmful to smokers’ health, leading to lung cancer
環(huán)境: air pollution
potential hazard of fire
空間: passive smoking / second-hand smoking
情感: be overly-dependent on smoking
用了上述辦法,擴(kuò)展出來(lái)的論據(jù)就能更加全面,有條理。下面我們?cè)倭信e一個(gè)題目,來(lái)做brainstorming。
Many people are optimistic about the 21st century and see it as an opportunity to make positive changes to the world. To what extent do you agree or disagree with their optimism?
通過(guò)審題,此題無(wú)非就是我們21世紀(jì)是利大于弊還是弊大于利,所以只要列舉21世紀(jì)發(fā)展的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)就可以了。我將通過(guò)之前介紹的十二大法則來(lái)進(jìn)行素材的擴(kuò)展。
Advantages:
經(jīng)濟(jì): economy be promoted, efficiency be increased
科技: advanced technology facilitates people’s life
時(shí)間: time-saving when conducting various kinds of activities
個(gè)人權(quán)利: human rights be laid more emphasis on
心理: increasing number of recreational activities to help people relieve from pressure
Disadvantages:
就業(yè): growing population,
fierce competition
心理: pressure coming from a range of aspects
環(huán)境: environmental pollution continuing getting worse
以上兩個(gè)題目都運(yùn)用了十二大原則,可見(jiàn)其具有很強(qiáng)的適用性,能夠幫助考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)擴(kuò)展話(huà)題的素材,且較全面。在長(zhǎng)期的使用中,專(zhuān)家發(fā)現(xiàn),在這十二大原則中,有些原則基本可以在幾個(gè)相近話(huà)題的題目中運(yùn)用,因此我們可以給它們起個(gè)名字“萬(wàn)能原則”,如經(jīng)濟(jì)和就業(yè)原則,則可以應(yīng)用在只要是牽涉到“工業(yè)”的話(huà)題,如smoking,tourism,mobile phones,computers,writing letters(post office)等等。老師和學(xué)生們都可以在平時(shí)的使用中做一個(gè)總結(jié),使十二大法則能信手拈來(lái)。