雅思寫作：巧妙轉(zhuǎn)述題目的官方指南
# 招數(shù)1 “這個(gè)表格”替換 (主語)
具體化：什么表格?(反之亦然，題目說具體表格類型，改寫時(shí)可換成簡稱)
The graph below -- The bar chart / The line chart / The pie chart
The graph and table – the data / the information (對(duì)于信息形式多樣的表格可以直接概括為data數(shù)據(jù)或information信息)
Gives information 適合的情況下還可以替換為illustrate the performance of
…gives information about Southland’s main exports -- …illustrates the performance of Southland’s primary exports
也可以把表格數(shù)量具體化： the pie charts – the two pie charts，另外，the 也可以換為this
# 招數(shù)2 “展示了”替換 (動(dòng)詞)
shows – illustrates / demonstrates 或compares 或gives information / provides infromation
除了常見的shows, illustrates, demonstrates這些同義表達(dá)的相互替換外，范文中經(jīng)常會(huì)使用compares 或gives information 來表達(dá)。
# 招數(shù)3 關(guān)鍵詞替換
1. yearly/ annual …– …over the year / per year年均
Example: yearly rainfall – amount of rainfall over the year
the average number of hours of sunshine per year-- annual hours of sunshine
2. percentage – proportion 比例
3. male and female -- men and women 男性和女性
4. 職業(yè)類型 – who從句
Example: academic staff members across the faculties -- who taught in seven different faculties (academic staff：教職人員, 就是”who taught …”的意思)
5. typical – average “典型的”和“平均的”往往可以互換，比如“平均降雨量”
6. household – home 家庭的
Example: in a typical Australian household –in an average Australian home
7. be consumed – be used 被消耗的/使用的
8. the proportion of – where …is used
Example: the proportion of energy consumed -- where energy is used
9. by age range – of different ages 按不同年齡
10. give money to charity – donate(v.) / make donation (n.) 捐款
11. the changes that have taken place at … --…development …的發(fā)展
12. main exports -- primary exports 主要的
# 招數(shù)4 “項(xiàng)目“替換
具體化：類別A，類別B and 類別C – 3個(gè)類別(反之亦然，題目說類別個(gè)數(shù)，改寫時(shí)可換成具體類別名稱)
in Moscow and San Francisco -- in two cities
in three major cities -- in London, New York and Sydney
# 招數(shù)5 “動(dòng)作“具體化
how a solar powered water pump works -- how a solar powered water pump is used to supply water for a village. (把work這個(gè)動(dòng)詞在該寫時(shí)根據(jù)圖表具體化為”被用來供水“)
# 招數(shù)6“數(shù)據(jù)“具體化
in 2003 and 2013 – in the years 2003 and 2013 (具體化“年“)
the online shopping sales -- the percentages of online sales (具體化數(shù)據(jù)類型：百分比)
# 招數(shù)7 時(shí)間表達(dá)
1. 時(shí)間段表達(dá)
from 2003 to 2012 – during the period 2003-2012
2. 將來時(shí)間
當(dāng)題目中出現(xiàn)對(duì)于將來數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)，可以用projection, prediction 來表達(dá)，另外，注意細(xì)節(jié)段落時(shí)態(tài)要轉(zhuǎn)換為將來時(shí)。
in 2000, *20…, and future projections for 2025
# 招數(shù)8 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換+ 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
the changes that took place in three different areas of crime in Newport city centre -- how crime rates altered in Newport inner city
以上例子中，changes是名詞，可以說the changes that took place in…/ the changes of ...(使用的句式是定語從句或of 結(jié)構(gòu)“…的“)
改寫之后的alter也表“變化“是動(dòng)詞形式，句型也有the change that…/ of… 變成了how…V+ed (賓語從句)
把以上招數(shù)按照順序融會(huì)貫通，小作文題目改寫大法就練成了，讓我們來看一看紅藍(lán)OG中的具體題目以及改寫。
The graph below shows the percentage of male and female academic staff members across the faculties of a major university in 2012 (practice test 2, blue version)
Sample Answer:
The bar chart shows the proportion of men and women who taught in seven different faculties of a particular university in 2012.
The pie chart below shows where energy is used in a typical Australian household, and the table shows the amount of electricity used according to the number of occupants. (practice test 4, blue version)
Sample Answer:
The pie chart illustrates the proportion of energy consumed by different appliances in an average Australian home.
