GRE寫(xiě)作官方題庫(kù)高頻ARGUMENT題目滿分范文分享：dean at Buckingham College

　　The following appeared in a memo written by a dean at Buckingham College:

　　“To serve the housing needs of our students, Buckingham College should build a new dormitory. Buckingham’s enrollment is growing and, based on current trends, should double over the next fifty years, thus making existing dormitories inadequate. Moreover, the average rent for an apartment in our town has increased in recent years. Consequently, students will find it increasingly difficult to afford off-campus housing. Finally, an attractive new dormitory would make prospective students more likely to enroll at Buckingham.”

　　【滿分范文賞析】

　　In this memo a dean at Buckingham College recommends that in order to meet expected enrollment increases the college should build an additional dormitory. To support this recommendation the dean points out that rental rates for off-campus apartments have been increasing, thus making it more difficult for students to afford this housing option. The dean also points out that a new dormitory would attract prospective students to the college. This argument is problematic in several respects.

　　【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument開(kāi)頭段結(jié)構(gòu)，即C—E—F的開(kāi)頭結(jié)構(gòu)。段落首先概括原文的Conclusion，接下來(lái)概括原文為支持其結(jié)論所引用的一系列evidence，最后給出開(kāi)頭段到正文段的過(guò)渡句，指出原文的Flaw，即其在多個(gè)方面存在問(wèn)題。

　　【本段功能】

　　本段作為Argument開(kāi)頭段，具體功能就在于發(fā)起攻擊并概括原文的結(jié)論，即Buckingham學(xué)院應(yīng)新建一棟宿舍樓以應(yīng)對(duì)預(yù)期的注冊(cè)學(xué)生數(shù)目增長(zhǎng)。本段接下來(lái)分布列舉了原文為支持其結(jié)論所引用的證據(jù)——校外公寓的房租在增長(zhǎng)以及一棟新的宿舍樓將吸引未來(lái)的學(xué)生來(lái)到學(xué)院。這些信息的歸納為正文段中即將進(jìn)行的具體攻擊作鋪墊。

　　A threshold problem with the argument involves the statistical reliability of the reports about off-campus rental rates. The dean indicates only that “student leaders” reported these statistics; the dean provides no information about how these students collected their data. It is entirely possible that the report was based on an insufficiently small sample or a sample that was unrepresentative of the town’s overall student rental market.

　　【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第一個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和其在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【本段功能】

　　本段作為正文第一段，攻擊原文中出現(xiàn)的第一個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤——調(diào)查類錯(cuò)誤。原文的開(kāi)端問(wèn)題涉及到其關(guān)于校外房租的報(bào)告的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)可靠性。院長(zhǎng)僅指出這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)是由“學(xué)生領(lǐng)袖”提供的，并沒(méi)有針對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)是如何收集的提供更多信息。該報(bào)告完全可能是基于一個(gè)不充分的小樣本或一個(gè)不能代表該市總體學(xué)生租房市場(chǎng)的樣本得到的。

　　Secondly, the dean assumes that this current trend in rental rates will continue in the future; yet the dean offers no evidence to substantiate this assumption. These rates are a function of supply and demand, and it is entirely possible that construction of apartment houses will increase in the future, thereby reducing rental rates along with the need for an additional dormitory. Without considering this possible scenario, the dean cannot justifiably conclude that an additional dormitory is needed to meet future demand.

　　【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第二個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和其在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【本段功能】

　　本段作為正文第二段，攻擊原文中出現(xiàn)的第二個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤——錯(cuò)誤假設(shè)。

　　原文中，院長(zhǎng)假設(shè)目前房租的趨勢(shì)將在未來(lái)延續(xù)，但他并未提供證據(jù)證明此假設(shè)。

　　房租是供求量的函數(shù)，公寓住房的建設(shè)在未來(lái)完全可能增加，從而將使房租連同對(duì)一棟額外宿舍樓的需求一起降低。本段最后指出如果沒(méi)有考慮這一可能情景，院長(zhǎng)不能有理由地推斷學(xué)院需要一棟額外的宿舍樓以應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)的需求。

　　Thirdly, the dean assumes that as enrollment increases the demand for student housing will also increase. While this might be the case, the dean ignores the possibility that the increased enrollment will be the result of an increase in the number of students commuting to Buckingham from their parents’ homes. This scenario, if true, would render the dean’s argument for building a new dormitory untenable.

　　【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第三個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和其在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【本段功能】

　　本段作為正文第三段，攻擊原文中出現(xiàn)的第三個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤——因果類錯(cuò)誤。在原文中，院長(zhǎng)假設(shè)對(duì)學(xué)生住房的需求會(huì)隨著注冊(cè)學(xué)生數(shù)目的增加而提高。雖然事實(shí)可能的確如此，院長(zhǎng)忽視了注冊(cè)學(xué)生數(shù)目的增加將由走讀生數(shù)目的增加而導(dǎo)致這一可能性。如果此情景成立，院長(zhǎng)對(duì)于修建新宿舍樓的論證將是站不住腳的。

　　Yet another problem with the argument involves the dean’s final claim that an attractive new dormitory would attract prospective students to Buckingham. Even assuming students in fact choose colleges on this basis, by relying on this evidence the dean essentially provides an argument against building the new dormitory. If an attractive new dormitory would increase demand for dormitory space, this fact would only serve to undermine the dean’s conflicting claim that the new dormitory would help meet increasing demand for dormitory space.

　　【本段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第四個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和其在原文中出現(xiàn)的位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【本段功能】

　　本段作為正文第四段，攻擊原文中出現(xiàn)的第四個(gè)重要邏輯錯(cuò)誤——矛盾假設(shè)。院長(zhǎng)在原文中最后聲明一棟新的宿舍樓將吸引未來(lái)的學(xué)生來(lái)到Buckingham學(xué)院。即使假設(shè)學(xué)生們的確以此為依據(jù)選擇學(xué)校，院長(zhǎng)基于此證據(jù)本質(zhì)上提出了一個(gè)反對(duì)修建新宿舍樓的論斷。如果一棟吸引人的新宿舍樓將提高對(duì)住宿空間的需求，院長(zhǎng)關(guān)于新宿舍樓將幫助應(yīng)對(duì)住宿空間需求的提高這一矛盾的論斷將被削弱。