GRE寫(xiě)作高分論證8大方法介紹 讓文章思路清晰更具說(shuō)服力
一、演繹推理論證法
將一個(gè)具體的事例運(yùn)用到一個(gè)一般性原則從而得出結(jié)論。
論點(diǎn)：Demand for this product wii go up。
論據(jù)：The price of the product is sliding.
推理依據(jù)：Whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises.
(說(shuō)明：由論據(jù)“the price of the product is sliding ”推出論點(diǎn)“Demand for this product will go up”,這個(gè)過(guò)程是否有效取決于推理依據(jù)“whenever prices of a product go down , demand for it rises”是否成立。下面每一種論證方法都是如此)
二、定義法
界定一個(gè)概念的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)涵;或者認(rèn)定某個(gè)事物符合某個(gè)定義，從而得出結(jié)論。例如：
論點(diǎn)：Radical feminists are not good citizens.
論據(jù)：Radical feminists lack family values.
推理依據(jù)：Family values characterize the good citizes.
三、因果關(guān)系論證法
將一個(gè)判斷放入一個(gè)因果關(guān)系中，指出它或者是原因，或者是結(jié)果。例如：
論點(diǎn)：The internet may be causing depression.
論據(jù)：When a group of people increased their use of the Internet , they felt depressed.
推理依據(jù)：There are no other reasons for the group's depression.
四、歸納推理論證法
從若干個(gè)具體事例中推出共性的一般結(jié)論。如：
論點(diǎn)：Everyone likes the movie.
論據(jù)：I know three people who like the movie.
推理依據(jù)：Three eaxmples are enough.
五、列舉特征式論證法
指出某事物發(fā)生或者生存的征候或者跡象。例如：
論點(diǎn)：The child has chickenpox.
論據(jù)：The child has red spots.
推理依據(jù)：These spots are signs of chickenpox.
六、類(lèi)比論證法
用我們已知的、熟悉的事物同未知的。不熟悉的事物加以比較，并用前者的情況解釋者 的情況。分為三種：縱向類(lèi)比(過(guò)去的事物同現(xiàn)在的、同一類(lèi)事物的類(lèi)比)、橫向類(lèi)比(同一 時(shí)期、同一事物之間的類(lèi)比)、比喻式類(lèi)比(不同類(lèi)別事物之間的類(lèi)比)。例如：
1.縱向類(lèi)比(Historical analogy)
論點(diǎn)：Many people will die of SARS.
論據(jù)：Many people died of the Black Death.
推理依據(jù)：SARS and Black Death are similar.
2.橫向類(lèi)比(Literal analogy)
論點(diǎn)：China should have its fighter carriers.
論據(jù)：A neighboring country has a powerful carrier fleet.
推理依據(jù)：The two countries are similar enough to draw such a comparison.
3.比喻式類(lèi)比(Metaphorical analogy)
論點(diǎn)：Reading a difficult book should take time.
論據(jù)：Digesting a large metal takes time.
推理依據(jù)：Reading and eating are sufficiently alike to be compared.
七、引用權(quán)威論證法
引用公認(rèn)的權(quán)威，或者論證自己就是權(quán)威從而對(duì)自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)加以論證。例如：
論點(diǎn)：China's economy will grow 8 poercent this year.
論據(jù)：Professors and scientists say so.
推理依據(jù)：These experts are reliable.
八、訴諸嘗試法
利用人們的常識(shí)【包括：普遍的價(jià)值觀(guān)念、人的普遍動(dòng)機(jī)、生活常識(shí)】進(jìn)行論證。例如：
1.訴諸普遍性的價(jià)值觀(guān)念。
論點(diǎn)：The university curriculum should be multicultural.
論據(jù)：A multicultural curriculum will contribute to equality and acceptance.
推理依據(jù)：You value equality and acceptance.
只是一個(gè)詳細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)上的分析說(shuō)明，在具體運(yùn)用時(shí)，我們經(jīng)常講推理依據(jù)和論據(jù)放在了一起，但只要合理即可。論據(jù)可以自己編造，也可以是大眾的例子，關(guān)鍵在于自己怎么樣建立論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)之間的橋梁。上面的這些技巧，可能我們只用到某種或某幾種，但我們必須得會(huì)至少一種。
掌握上面所說(shuō)的論證方法，無(wú)論什么樣的新GRE作文都可以輕松那些。新GRE作文雖然屬于寫(xiě)作創(chuàng)作，但是對(duì)于論證問(wèn)題來(lái)說(shuō)，也是需要一定的套路的，掌握這些方法，就可以掌握新GRE寫(xiě)作高分的秘籍。
