GRE作文范文 Issue-3

"Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, film, advertising and television because contemporary culture has much greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past."

嘉文博譯Sample Essay

To the extent that contemporary culture is, by definition, current, it does have a much more immediate impact on students and people in general than do the arts and literature of the past. Contemporaneous events directly affect everyone alive at the time because they are occurring at precisely the same time as the individual's existence. But to paraphrase a famous philosopher: "Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it." To a great extent, past arts and literature shape who we are as people at least as much as, if not more than, contemporary culture does.

Everyone alive today is affected in one way or another by the events of the past. Past events have directly led to the way that the world is shaped today. The arts and literature are one of the most well-preserved and documented resources that can give us a direct link into what actually happened in the past. Consider the religious writings of the Bible, the Koran and those of Confucius, as well as those related to Buddhism, Hinduism and all other religions. These writings directly relate to, and in some cases to a great extent control, the behavior of human beings today even though most were written hundreds if not thousands of years ago. Artworks relating to these religions also have a profound effect. Consider Michelangelo's work in the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican, or the vast myriad of historic Buddhist statues throughout Asia, or the ancient Muslim mosques throughout the Middle East and Central Asia. It would be difficult to argue that contemporary culture has more relevance to today's students when compared with the relevance of these examples of past arts and literature.

At times it is difficult to determine what exactly is the difference between contemporary culture and the arts and literature of the past. Shakespeare's classic writings are continuously being adapted into current movies that are often big hits with students and the general population as a whole. Millions of people every year view classic works of art in museums all over the world. Readings of religious texts have never gone out of style with a large part of the world's population. Clashes between centuries-old cultures and religions, such as that of Western countries and Islamic extremists and that of Hindus and Muslims in India, demonstrate that the religious artifacts that could be called arts and literature of the past are very much a part of contemporary culture.

While the past can certainly not be ignored, a large part of what students must learn at university is based on contemporary culture. Most religious learning, at least of one's own religion, occurs either at home or early on in a student's education. At the university level, studies of politics, business and the computer sciences must deal in great detail with the latest advances in contemporary culture in order to remain up to date and relevant. Other subjects, such as mathematics, agriculture, and the arts and literature themselves look largely to the past for the core knowledge that is taught in these courses. The application of these lessons from the past are entirely appropriate to help put contemporary culture into some type of historical context that can help students to understand and comprehend the rapidly changing world that they are living in.

It would seem self-evident that a properly educated university student must find a balance between studying contemporary culture without neglecting the study of arts and literature of the past. The study of one is not mutually exclusive of the study of the other. The benefits of a well-rounded education come from not only knowing the state of the world as it exists today but also in knowing how the world arrived at this stage of development in the first place.

參考譯文

"學(xué)院和大學(xué)應(yīng)該開設(shè)更多通俗音樂、電影、廣告和電視方面的課程，因為當(dāng)代文化要比昔日的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)對于學(xué)生具有遠(yuǎn)為密切的聯(lián)系。"

只要當(dāng)代文化--依照其定義--具有當(dāng)代性，它無疑比昔日的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)對學(xué)生乃至普通大眾具有一種遠(yuǎn)為直接的影響。同時代的事件會直接影響到生活在那一時代的每一個人，因為它們的發(fā)生與這個人的生存正值同時。但這里我們可以復(fù)述一位著名哲學(xué)家的話，"那些無法從歷史中汲取教訓(xùn)者注定會重蹈覆轍"。在相當(dāng)大的程度上，昔日的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)造就了我們現(xiàn)如今的情狀，其作用即使并不甚于當(dāng)代文化，至少與當(dāng)代文化相同。 生活于當(dāng)今時代的每個人以一種或另一種方式深受過去事件的影響。昔日的事件直接導(dǎo)致了世界目前的運轉(zhuǎn)方式。藝術(shù)和文學(xué)是保存和記載得最為完善的一種資源，它們能使我們與過去實際發(fā)生過的事情直接聯(lián)系起來。 不妨考慮一下《圣經(jīng)》，《可蘭經(jīng)》一類的宗教著作，孔子的著述，以及那些與佛教、印度教和所有其他宗教相關(guān)的著作。這些直接地與當(dāng)今時代人們的行為相關(guān)，并在某些情形中在相當(dāng)大的程度上控制著當(dāng)今時代人們的行為，雖然它們大多數(shù)創(chuàng)作于數(shù)百年、甚至數(shù)千年之前。與這些宗教相關(guān)的藝術(shù)品同樣也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。我們不妨考慮一下梵蒂岡西斯廷教堂內(nèi)米開朗琪羅的作品，或遍布亞洲的無數(shù)具有歷史性意義的佛教像，或者散布在整個中東和中亞地區(qū)的古代穆斯林清真寺。與這些過去的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)實例的相關(guān)性相比，當(dāng)代文化被說成與當(dāng)今學(xué)生更密切相關(guān)，這一論點是難以成立的。

有些時候，人們難以確定當(dāng)代文化與過去的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)的差異究竟何在。莎士比亞的經(jīng)典之作不斷地被改編成當(dāng)代電影，常常能成為學(xué)生和普通大眾的大熱門。每年，全世界數(shù)百萬人在博物館觀賞古典藝術(shù)作品。宗教文本的閱讀對于世界相當(dāng)大的一部分人口而言從來就不失為一種風(fēng)尚。數(shù)個世紀(jì)古老的文化與宗教之間的沖突，如西方國家與伊斯蘭極端主義者之間的沖突，以及印度國內(nèi)印度教徒與穆斯林教徒之間的沖突，例證著那些可被稱為昔日藝術(shù)和文學(xué)的宗教事物在很大程度上實乃當(dāng)代文化的一部分。

雖然過去無疑不能被淡忘，但學(xué)生在大學(xué)中所學(xué)內(nèi)容，很大一部分是基于當(dāng)代文化的。大多數(shù)宗教學(xué)習(xí)，至少一個人自身的宗教的學(xué)習(xí)，或始于家庭，或始于學(xué)生受教育的早期。在大學(xué)這一層次上，對政治、商科以及計算機科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)，與當(dāng)代文化中的最新進(jìn)步深深相涉，以便使人與時俱進(jìn)，與時代緊密相關(guān)。其它的學(xué)科，如數(shù)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)、藝術(shù)與文學(xué)，很大程度上是從過去的源泉獲取這些課程中所傳授的核心知識。這些來自過去的課程的應(yīng)用完全是恰當(dāng)?shù)?，有助于將?dāng)代文化置于某種歷史架構(gòu)之中，去幫助學(xué)生領(lǐng)略和理解他們所生活于其中的那個變化迅速的世界。

有一點似乎是不證自明的，即一個受過恰當(dāng)教育的大學(xué)生必須在學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)代文化與不偏廢昔日藝術(shù)和文學(xué)之間尋找到某種平衡。對兩者的學(xué)習(xí)并非互為排斥。一種綜合全面的教育，其益處不僅在于讓人知道當(dāng)今世界所處的狀態(tài)，而且亦在于首先要讓人弄清世界是何以抵達(dá)目前這一發(fā)展階段的。