初中英語語法：冠詞

冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面幫助指明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a(an)和定冠詞the兩種。不定冠詞僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義，但不強調(diào)數(shù)目觀念，只表示名詞為不特定者。定冠詞則表示名詞為特定者，表示“這”、“那”、“這些”、“那些”的意思，在可數(shù)的單復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。

I 不定冠詞

We need an apple and a knife.

我們需要一個蘋果和一把刀子。

1.a和an的區(qū)別

不定冠詞有a[+]和an[+Q]兩種形式，a用于輔音(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前。an用于元音(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。

a boy, a university, a European country

u是元音字母，但發(fā)音是[U(]，是輔音。

an hour ，an honor ，an island

h是輔音字母，但它不發(fā)音，它的音標是是元音。

an elephant， an umbrella， an egg

2(1)不定冠詞的用法

①泛指—類人或物。

eg. This is a pencil case.

②指不具體的某個人或物。

eg. I met an old man On my way home.

③用在序數(shù)詞前,相當于another.

eg. There’s a third boy near the shop.

④表示“每—(個)”,相當于every.

eg. They have music lessons twice a week.

必背!

give a lesson take a bath have a rest

教(一堂)課 洗(個)澡 休息

have a talk have a fever have a good time

聽報告 發(fā)燒 過得愉快

have(take)a walk have a headache have a nice trip

散步 頭疼 旅途愉快

a lot of, a lot, a little, a few, a glass of, such a/an, have a word with, have a look, have a try, have a swim, a quarter, half an hour, three times a day, have a talk, give a talk, ten Yuan a kilo

(2)不定冠詞的位置

①不定冠詞—般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。

eg, a bike, an egg

②當名詞被such, what, many修飾時，不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。

eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.

He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.

What a dangerous job it is!

Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.

③當名詞前的形容詞前有so, how, too等詞時，不定冠詞應放在形容詞之后。

Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.

How nice a film this is!

④當名詞前面有形容詞和quite, rather, very時，不定冠詞放在quite, rather之后,very之前。

eg.It is quite a good book.

That is rather a useful too1.

This is a very interesting story.II.定冠詞的用法

(1)定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過的人或物。

eg：I have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy’s name is Mark. The girl’s name is Penny.

(2)特指某(些)人或物。

eg：The girl in a red dress comes from America.

(3)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。

eg： My shoes are under the bed.

Please open the window.

(4)用在形容最高級和部分比較級前，及形容詞only， very， same等前面：

Eg: That's the very thing I've been looking for.　那正是我要找的東西。

Tom is the taller of the two boys.

He is the only person who didn't pass the exam.

他是唯一一個沒通過考試的人。

(5)用在序數(shù)詞前。

eg Monday is the second day of a week.

Where do you live?　I live on the second floor.

(6)用在世界上獨一無二的事物前(如太陽、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。

eg The moon moves round the earth.

(7)用在某些形容詞前，表示—類人或物。

the　rich(富人),the poor(窮人),the deaf(聾人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(傷員)

(8)用在姓氏復數(shù)前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫婦”。

eg. The Greens are having dinner at home.

(9)用在樂器前。(但中國民族樂器前不用冠詞，play Erhu拉二胡)

eg. play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.

(10)用于逢“十”的復數(shù)數(shù)詞前，指某個世紀中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。

eg. In the 1970s, a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.

I think he is in the thirties.

(11)用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面。

the Yangzi River 長江

the North China Plain 華北平原

the Rocky Mountains 洛磯山脈

the Black Sea 黑海

(12)用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前面。

the Beijing Railway Station 北京站

the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國

the United Nations 聯(lián)合國

(13)含有定冠詞the的詞組。

in the morning (afternoon ,evening )在上午(下午、晚上)

on the right 在左邊

by the way 順便說一下

go to the cinema (theatre ,concert…)去看電影(看戲、聽音樂會……)

in the front of 在前部

in the front of 在中間

at (in) the beginning 開始

in the end 終于

in the daytime 白天

on the one hand , on the other hand 一方面……;另一方面

注意：

表示某一類人或事物時，以下三種方法都可以。如：

The horse is a useful animal.(用定冠詞)

A horse is a useful animal.(用不定冠詞)

Horses are useful animals.(用復數(shù))

馬是一種有用的動物。