Does money buy happiness?
Does money buy happiness?Not.Ah,but would a little more money make us a little happier?Many of us smirk1) and nod.There is,we believe,some connection between fiscal2) fitness and feeling fantastic.Most of us would say that,yes,we would like to be rich.Three in four American collegians now consider it “very important” or “essential” that they become “very well off financially.” Money matters.
Well,are rich people happier?Researchers have found that in poor countries,such as Bangladesh,being relatively well off does make for greater well-being.We need food,rest,shelter and social contact.
But a surprising fact of life is that in countries where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities,increasing affluence matters surprisingly little.The correlation between income and happiness is “surprisingly weak,” observed University of Michigan researcher Ronald Inglehart in one 16-nation study of 170,000people.Once comfortable,more money provides diminishing returns.The second piece of pie,or the second $100,000,never tastes as good as the first.
Even lottery3 winners and the Forbes’ 100wealthiest Americans have expressed only slightly greater happiness than the average American.Making it big4) brings temporary joy.But in the long run wealth is like health:its utter absence can breed misery,but having it doesn’t guarantee happiness.Happiness seems less a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.
Has our happiness floated upward with the rising economic tide?Are we happier today than in 1940,when two out of five homes lacked a shower or tub?When heat often meant feeding wood or coal into a furnace?When 35percent of homes had no toilet?
Actually,we are not.Since 1957,the number of Americans who say they are “very happy” has declined from 35to 32percent.Meanwhile,the divorce rate has doubled,the teen suicide rate has nearly tripled5),the violent crime rate has nearly quadrupled6)(even after the recent decline),and more people than ever(especially teens and young adults)are depressed.
I call this soaring wealth and shrinking spirit “the American paradox7).”More than ever,we have big houses and broken homes,high incomes and low morale,secured rights and diminished civility.We excel at making a living but often fail at making a life.We celebrate our prosperity but yearn8) for purpose.We cherish our freedoms but long for connection.In an age of plenty,we feel spiritual hunger.
by David Myers
金錢能買幸福嗎?
金錢能買幸福嗎?不!但是多一點(diǎn)兒錢是不是會(huì)令我們多一點(diǎn)兒幸福呢?對(duì)此,我們中的很多人會(huì)嘿嘿一笑并點(diǎn)頭同意。我們相信,物質(zhì)富裕與精神愉悅間存在著某種關(guān)聯(lián)。大多數(shù)人會(huì)說(shuō),是的,我們希望富有。當(dāng)今3/4的美國(guó)大學(xué)生認(rèn)為“經(jīng)濟(jì)上很富足”是“十分重要的”或“必要的”。金錢確實(shí)重要。
那么富人就更幸福嗎?研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在貧窮國(guó)家,如孟加拉國(guó),相對(duì)的富有確實(shí)能夠帶來(lái)較大的安康。我們需要食品、休息、住房以及社會(huì)交往。
但是一個(gè)令人驚訝的事實(shí)是,在那些幾乎人人都豐衣足食的國(guó)家中,更加富足并沒(méi)有什么重要意義。收入與幸福的相互關(guān)系是“微乎其微”,密歇根大學(xué)研究員羅納德·英格利哈特在一項(xiàng)對(duì)16個(gè)國(guó)家17萬(wàn)人的調(diào)查報(bào)告中就是這樣說(shuō)。人們一旦生活舒適,更多的金錢所帶來(lái)的幸福感便會(huì)遞減。第二張餅不如第一張香,第二次獲得10萬(wàn)美元不如第一次那樣興奮。
即使彩票中獎(jiǎng)?wù)咭约啊陡2妓埂冯s志選出的前100名最富有的美國(guó)人都表示,比起一般的美國(guó)人,他們只是略感幸福而已。發(fā)大財(cái)能夠帶來(lái)短暫的快樂(lè),但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)講,財(cái)富就如同健康:完全沒(méi)有,會(huì)帶來(lái)苦難,但是有了卻不一定能夠保證幸福。幸福似乎并不意味企圖得到我們想要的東西,而意味著想要我們已有的東西。
我們的幸福是否伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)浪潮上漲了呢?回顧1940年,2/5的家庭沒(méi)有淋浴或者浴缸,取暖通常意味著向爐子中添加木塊或者煤塊,35%的家庭沒(méi)有衛(wèi)生間。同那時(shí)相比,今天的我們是否多了一分幸福?
實(shí)際上,我們并沒(méi)有。自1957年以來(lái),聲稱自己“非常幸福”的美國(guó)人已經(jīng)從35%降到了32%。同時(shí),離婚率翻了一番,青少年自殺率增長(zhǎng)了近2倍,暴力犯罪率上升了近3倍(即便最近有所下降),情緒消沉的人數(shù)(尤其是青少年)超過(guò)了以往任何時(shí)候。
我把這種飛速增長(zhǎng)的財(cái)富和不斷萎靡的精神稱之為“美國(guó)矛盾”。這種情況現(xiàn)在甚于以往任何時(shí)候:我們得到了大房子,但卻換來(lái)了家庭的破裂;我們得到了高收入,但卻降低了道德水準(zhǔn);我們得到了有保障的權(quán)利,但卻漸漸失去了禮儀。我們善于謀生,但卻往往不會(huì)營(yíng)造生活。我們慶祝取得的成功,但卻感到缺乏目的。我們珍視個(gè)人的自由,但卻又渴望著與他人交流。在這個(gè)物質(zhì)財(cái)富充裕的時(shí)代,我們感到精神上的饑渴。
NOTE 注釋:
1. smirk [smE:k] vi. 傻笑,得意的笑
2. fiscal [5fiskEl] adj.(一般)財(cái)務(wù)的,金錢的
3. lottery [5lCtEri] n. 彩票
4. make it big [美俚] 飛黃騰達(dá)
5. triple [5tripl] vi. 增至三倍
6. quadruple [5kwCdrupl] vi. 成為四倍
7. paradox [5pArEdCks] n. 有明顯矛盾特點(diǎn)的事(人,行為等)
8. yearn [jE:n] vi. 渴望, 想念, 懷念, 向往