A Man and His Castle [一個(gè)大人物和他的城堡]
La Cuesta Encantada (The Enchanted[使用魔法迷惑] Castle) is one of the most remarkable displays of power and passion in the world. This marvelous tourist site now known as Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument is better known as Hearst Castle. It is located six hours south of San Francisco and five hours north of Los Angeles. Sheltered by the mountains in northern San Luis Obispo County, the complex of 165rooms and 127 acres of gardens, terraces(露臺(tái)), pools, fountains and footpaths draws approximately 800,000 visitors annually. To understand the castle, you have to understand the man who built it, William Randolph Hearst. And to understand the man, you have to understand the land upon which he built his dream.
魔幻城堡是世界上最著名的展示才能與激情的名勝之一。這個(gè)奇跡般的游覽地，就是現(xiàn)在著名的赫斯特圣西蒙國(guó)家歷史博物館，它作為赫斯特城堡，則更為有名。它位于舊金山以南6小時(shí)、洛杉磯以北5小時(shí)車程的地方。這座隱蔽在圣路易斯?奧比斯波郡北部群山之中的綜合建筑有165個(gè)房間，占地127英畝，有花園、游廊、水池、噴泉和小徑，每年吸引大約80萬名游客來到這里。要了解這座城堡，你就得了解建造它的那個(gè)人——威廉·倫道夫·赫斯特，而要了解這個(gè)人，你就得了解他把夢(mèng)想建在其上的這塊土地。
Born on April 29, 1863, William Randolph Hearst was the only child of Gorge Hearst and his wife, Phoebe. George was a multimillionaire(千萬富翁) who amassed(積聚) his fortune through partnerships(合作關(guān)系) in three of the ever largest mining discoveries of copper, silver, and gold ores. In 1865, George began to accumulate parcels of land by obtaining 46,000 acres of the Piedra Blanco Ranch on California’s Central Coast. There he began a successful cattle ranch(大農(nóng)場(chǎng)), eventually enlarging it to 250,000 acres stretching 50 miles along the coast.
威廉·倫道夫·赫斯，生于1863年4月29日，是喬治?赫斯特和他的妻子菲比唯一的孩子。喬治是一個(gè)千萬富翁，他通過合伙參與三個(gè)曾經(jīng)是最大的銅礦、銀礦和金礦的發(fā)現(xiàn)和開采，積聚起大量財(cái)富。1865年，喬治得到了在加利福尼亞海岸的46000英畝的皮亞得拉布蘭可牧場(chǎng)，開始積聚大片土地。在那里，他開始了對(duì)養(yǎng)牛場(chǎng)的成功經(jīng)營(yíng)，并最終將它擴(kuò)大到沿著50英里海岸的250，000英畝。
William loved the ranch where he spent his summer vacations as a youngster and a youth, playing in the rugged canyons(峽谷), descending the cliffs and camping in colorful Arab-style tents in the mountains with his family.
威廉熱愛這個(gè)青年時(shí)期渡過暑假的牧場(chǎng)。在崎嶇不平的溪谷里游玩，攀登懸崖，和家人一起在山里華美的阿拉伯式的帳篷里野營(yíng)。
Phoebe was delighted in exposing her darling child to the beauties and wonders of the world and spared no expense doing so. During one of their adventures, an 18-month tour of the historic palaces and castles of Europe, William began a lifelong love of collecting. With his first acquisitions, German picture books, he embarked(著手,開始工作) on a 78-year session of excessive spending. He confessed to a love of the finer things in life and, as he had a bottomless(不見底的) purse, would never deny himself anything he wanted.
菲比很喜歡讓她心愛的孩子去認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)美麗而奇妙的世界，花費(fèi)多少都無所謂。在一次冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)期間，他們用18個(gè)月游覽了歐洲歷史上著名的宮殿和城堡，從那時(shí)起威廉開始養(yǎng)成收集的終身愛好。他從最初收集德國(guó)的圖畫書開始，進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)78年的超級(jí)消費(fèi)。他承認(rèn)一生中對(duì)精美物品的癡迷和熱愛，而且因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)用不完的錢包，他對(duì)想要的任何東西從不吝惜金錢。
In 1887, while William was at Harvard University, he decided to take over the small newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, which his father had accepted as payment for a gambling(賭博) debt several years earlier. George would have preferred that his son be involved in the mining and ranching interests, but William declined this offer and was given ownership of the Examiner in March 1887. He was determined to increase the popularity(普遍,流行) of the paper and acquire the best equipment and writers available. William’s resolve to succeed inspired him to publish juicy(有趣的) tales of vice and stories full of drama and motivation(積極性,動(dòng)機(jī)). In 1895, he purchased the New York Morning Journal, putting him in direct competition with the distinguished(杰出的) Joseph Pulitzer and a circulation(傳播,發(fā)行) war began.
1887年，當(dāng)威廉在哈佛大學(xué)讀書時(shí)，他決定接管一家小報(bào)紙《舊金山問詢報(bào)》，幾年前他的父親將其作為一筆賭債接收了下來。喬治更希望他的兒子把興趣放在采礦和經(jīng)營(yíng)牧場(chǎng)上，但威廉拒絕了這個(gè)建議并于1887年3月接手成為《問詢報(bào)》的主人。他決定購(gòu)置最好的設(shè)備，邀請(qǐng)最好的作者撰稿，提升報(bào)紙的聲望。
威廉渴望成功的決心，促使他出版有趣的下流傳聞和充滿戲劇性、引人入勝的故事。1895年，他買下《紐約晨報(bào)》，與著名的約瑟夫?普利策展開直接的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，開始了一場(chǎng)擴(kuò)大發(fā)行量的商戰(zhàn)。
Both the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers started to include sensational(聳人聽聞的) stories about the Cuban Insurrection(起義). The stories greatly exaggerated claims of Spanish troops placing Cubans in concentration camps, forcing them to live under substandard conditions, disease-ridden, starving and dying. This style of reporting became known as “Yellow Journalism(新聞事件)”. The newspapers were transformed as the scope of the news broadened and became less conservative. Circulation soared as the public could get enough of the banner headlines and abundant illustrations. At the time, many people believed William actually might have initiated(開始,發(fā)動(dòng)) the Spanish-American War to encourage sales. According to one report, when one of his correspondents, Frederick Remington, requested to return from Havana, William responded that if Remington would furnish the pictures, William would furnish the war. He was once quoted in an editorial as saying, “Make the news thorough Print all the news. Condense it if necessary. Frequently it is better when intelligently(聰明的) condensed.”
赫斯特和普利策的報(bào)紙都開始刊登有關(guān)古巴起義的聳人聽聞的故事。這些故事極大地夸大了西班牙部隊(duì)的行為：他們把古巴人關(guān)進(jìn)集中營(yíng)，迫使他們?cè)趷毫拥臈l件下生活，飽受疾病、饑餓和死亡的折磨。這種報(bào)道形式成了有名的“黃色新聞”。報(bào)紙?jiān)谙驍U(kuò)大新聞范圍方面轉(zhuǎn)變，并變得不那么保守了。因?yàn)槟軌蚴构姭@得足夠的頭條新聞和豐富的插圖，發(fā)行量激增。那時(shí)，很多人相信威廉實(shí)際上可能會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)西班牙——美國(guó)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以增加發(fā)行量。據(jù)一篇報(bào)道說，當(dāng)他的一個(gè)通訊記者弗雷德里克雷明頓請(qǐng)求從哈瓦那回來時(shí)，威廉回答說如果雷明頓能提供圖片，他就可以發(fā)起這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。曾有一篇社論引用過他的格言：“跟蹤新聞到底。報(bào)道所有新聞。必要時(shí)濃縮新聞。濃縮后的新聞常常更出色。”
Another classic example of his influence occurred when; merely months after he advocated political assassination(暗殺) in an editorial, American President McKinley was assassinated.
As an intelligent and dynamic business man, William generated increased readership by employing some of the most talented(天才的) writers in the United States, recruiting figures from the literary community, like Mark Twain and Stephen Crane, and the previously mentioned illustrator, Frederick Remington. He also showed his initiative when he chartered a yacht(快艇), equipped it as a miniature(小型的) newspaper headquarters, anchored off the coast of Cuba, and led his army of reporters into the field.
關(guān)于受他影響的另一個(gè)典型例子是，他在一篇社論中鼓吹政治暗殺，僅僅幾個(gè)月后，麥金利總統(tǒng)就遇刺身亡。作為一個(gè)聰明能干的商人，威廉通過雇傭美國(guó)最有才華的作者，從文學(xué)團(tuán)體中聘用大人物，像馬克?吐溫和斯蒂芬·克萊恩，以及前面提到過的插圖畫家弗雷德里克?雷明頓，造就了不斷增長(zhǎng)的讀者群。他還顯示了他的創(chuàng)新能力。當(dāng)時(shí)，他包租了一條游艇，把裝備成一個(gè)小型的報(bào)社總部，停在古巴海岸邊，讓他的采訪隊(duì)伍進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)。
William’s interests led him to follow in his father’s footsteps, inspiring him to enter into politics. He was elected to the U.S. Congress as a senator representing the State of New York in 1902 and served until 1907. He was a candidate for the office of mayor of New York City and governor of New York State, but failed in both of these attempts.
威廉的興趣愛好引領(lǐng)他、激勵(lì)他繼承父業(yè)進(jìn)入政界。1902年作為紐約州的代表，他以參議員的身份被選進(jìn)美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)，一起任職到1907年。他還是紐約市市長(zhǎng)和紐約州州長(zhǎng)職位的候選人，但兩次努力都失敗了。
While honeymooning in Europe after his marriage to Millicent Wilson in 1903, he expanded his publishing empire with Motor Magazine. The Hearst Corporation grew to comprise a total of 12 newspapers, including the Examiner, and 25 magazines, including Cosmopolitan. Not satisfied with just his publishing enterprises, he expanded his business operations into radio, and later produced movie newsreels(新聞紀(jì)錄片). (To Be Continued)
1903年與米莉森特?威爾遜結(jié)婚。在歐洲渡蜜月期間，他以《汽車雜志》擴(kuò)張他出版帝國(guó)的疆土。赫斯特公司迅速成長(zhǎng)以來，總共有包括《問詢報(bào)》在內(nèi)的12種報(bào)紙，和包括《大都會(huì)》在內(nèi)的25種雜志。他并不滿足于出版行業(yè)，還把他的事業(yè)擴(kuò)展到電臺(tái)，后來還生產(chǎn)新聞?dòng)涗浧?待續(xù))
Born on April 29, 1863, William Randolph Hearst was the only child of Gorge Hearst and his wife, Phoebe. George was a multimillionaire(千萬富翁) who amassed(積聚) his fortune through partnerships(合作關(guān)系) in three of the ever largest mining discoveries of copper, silver, and gold ores. In 1865, George began to accumulate parcels of land by obtaining 46,000 acres of the Piedra Blanco Ranch on California’s Central Coast. There he began a successful cattle ranch(大農(nóng)場(chǎng)), eventually enlarging it to 250,000 acres stretching 50 miles along the coast.
William loved the ranch where he spent his summer vacations as a youngster and a youth, playing in the rugged canyons(峽谷), descending the cliffs and camping in colorful Arab-style tents in the mountains with his family.
Phoebe was delighted in exposing her darling child to the beauties and wonders of the world and spared no expense doing so. During one of their adventures, an 18-month tour of the historic palaces and castles of Europe, William began a lifelong love of collecting. With his first acquisitions, German picture books, he embarked(著手,開始工作) on a 78-year session of excessive spending. He confessed to a love of the finer things in life and, as he had a bottomless(不見底的) purse, would never deny himself anything he wanted.
In 1887, while William was at Harvard University, he decided to take over the small newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, which his father had accepted as payment for a gambling(賭博) debt several years earlier. George would have preferred that his son be involved in the mining and ranching interests, but William declined this offer and was given ownership of the Examiner in March 1887. He was determined to increase the popularity(普遍,流行) of the paper and acquire the best equipment and writers available.
William’s resolve to succeed inspired him to publish juicy(有趣的) tales of vice and stories full of drama and motivation(積極性,動(dòng)機(jī)). In 1895, he purchased the New York Morning Journal, putting him in direct competition with the distinguished(杰出的) Joseph Pulitzer and a circulation(傳播,發(fā)行) war began.
Both the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers started to include sensational(聳人聽聞的) stories about the Cuban Insurrection(起義). The stories greatly exaggerated claims of Spanish troops placing Cubans in concentration camps, forcing them to live under substandard conditions, disease-ridden, starving and dying. This style of reporting became known as “Yellow Journalism(新聞事件)”. The newspapers were transformed as the scope of the news broadened and became less conservative. Circulation soared as the public could get enough of the banner headlines and abundant illustrations. At the time, many people believed William actually might have initiated(開始,發(fā)動(dòng)) the Spanish-American War to encourage sales. According to one report, when one of his correspondents, Frederick Remington, requested to return from Havana, William responded that if Remington would furnish the pictures, William would furnish the war. He was once quoted in an editorial as saying, “Make the news thorough Print all the news. Condense it if necessary. Frequently it is better when intelligently(聰明的) condensed.”
Another classic example of his influence occurred when; merely months after he advocated political assassination(暗殺) in an editorial, American President McKinley was assassinated.
As an intelligent and dynamic business man, William generated increased readership by employing some of the most talented(天才的) writers in the United States, recruiting figures from the literary community, like Mark Twain and Stephen Crane, and the previously mentioned illustrator, Frederick Remington. He also showed his initiative when he chartered a yacht(快艇), equipped it as a miniature(小型的) newspaper headquarters, anchored off the coast of Cuba, and led his army of reporters into the field.
William’s interests led him to follow in his father’s footsteps, inspiring him to enter into politics. He was elected to the U.S. Congress as a senator representing the State of New York in 1902 and served until 1907. He was a candidate for the office of mayor of New York City and governor of New York State, but failed in both of these attempts.
While honeymooning in Europe after his marriage to Millicent Wilson in 1903, he expanded his publishing empire with Motor Magazine. The Hearst Corporation grew to comprise a total of 12 newspapers, including the Examiner, and 25 magazines, including Cosmopolitan. Not satisfied with just his publishing enterprises, he expanded his business operations into radio, and later produced movie newsreels(新聞紀(jì)錄片). (To Be Continued)
