日常英語 最常見的越野跑損傷

What injuries most commonly affect athletes running cross country, at the middle school level, high school level and beyond?

初中、高中及更年長(zhǎng)的越野跑參與者中，最常見的損傷有哪些？

Below is a list of some of the more common injuries seen in cross country runners of all ages. Note that this is a partial list.

以下是全年齡段越野跑參與者比較常見的損傷清單。請(qǐng)注意，這只是一份不完全列表。

Also note that in many cases, these bone and soft tissue injuries are more common in girls and women than in boys and men, due in part to the female athlete “triad” of calorie depletion, bone loss and hormonal and menstrual changes. Women also have a larger angle between the hips and ankles. Women and girls are particularly susceptible to knee injuries (like meniscus tears and ACL tears) and stress fractures.

同樣需要注意的是，這些骨損傷和軟組織損傷在女孩和成年女性中比在男孩和成年男性中更加常見，部分是由于女性跑者的“三癥候群”——熱量消耗、骨質(zhì)疏松及激素和月經(jīng)變化。同時(shí)，女性的髖部與腳踝間角度更大，成年女性和年輕女孩都特別容易遭受膝關(guān)節(jié)損傷（比如半月板撕裂和前十字韌帶撕裂）及應(yīng)力性骨折。

?Stress fractures. 應(yīng)力性骨折

?Shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome, or MTSS). 外脛夾（脛骨內(nèi)側(cè)壓力癥候群）

?Achilles tendonitis. 跟腱炎

?Plantar fasciitis. 足底筋膜炎

?Runner's knee (patellofemoral pain syndrome, or PFPS). 跑步膝（髕骨疼痛綜合征）

?Muscle, ligament and tendon strains (calf, hamstring, quadriceps, gluteus). 肌肉、韌帶、跟腱拉傷（小腿肚、腘繩肌腱、四頭肌、臀?。?/p>

?Dehydration and heat illness. 脫水和中暑