國(guó)際大企業(yè)抨擊哥本哈根“協(xié)議”

全球能源企業(yè)對(duì)哥本哈根達(dá)成的氣候協(xié)議感到失望和困惑，表示該協(xié)議未帶來(lái)足夠的確定性，為削減溫室氣體排放所需的巨額投資提供依據(jù)。

Global energy businesses have been left disappointed and confused by the climate deal agreed in Copenhagen, saying it does not provide enough certainty to justify the huge investments needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

由美國(guó)和中國(guó)等主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體在周五晚間達(dá)成、但未得到聯(lián)合國(guó)正式采納的這份協(xié)議，作出了限制全球升溫幅度的承諾，但并未具體規(guī)定實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的排放上限。

The deal – agreed by major economies including the US and China on Friday evening but not formally adopted by the United Nations – makes a commitment to limit the rise in global temperatures but does not specify caps on emissions to achieve that objective.

歐洲的首席執(zhí)行官和企業(yè)集團(tuán)對(duì)這份協(xié)議的批評(píng)聲尤其響亮。石油天然氣集團(tuán)荷蘭皇家殼牌(Royal Dutch Shell)支持限制排放，該集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官彼得·沃瑟(Peter Voser)表示，還需要“多得多”的內(nèi)容。

Chief executives and business groups in Europe were particularly critical of the deal. Peter Voser – the chief executive of oil and gas group Royal Dutch Shell, which has supported limiting emissions – said “much more” was needed.

在對(duì)抗全球變暖的威脅方面，企業(yè)的角色將是關(guān)鍵的。在每年需要的5000億美元投資中，私營(yíng)部門預(yù)期將提供大約90%。

The role of business will be crucial in fighting the threat of global warming, with the private sector expected to provide about 90 per cent of the 0bn a year investment needed.

這份協(xié)議的全部意義，要到新年過(guò)后很久才會(huì)明朗。

The full significance of the deal will not be known until well into next year.

下月底之前，各國(guó)理應(yīng)在協(xié)議文稿中留出的空白處填上計(jì)劃減排的細(xì)節(jié)。然后，聯(lián)合國(guó)將安排更多談判予以跟進(jìn)，最終達(dá)成一部具有法律約束力的全球條約。

Countries are supposed to fill in details of planned cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, left blank in the accord, by the end of next month. The UN is to follow with more talks towards a legally binding global treaty.

但企業(yè)表示，明顯的是，各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在支持商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略重大轉(zhuǎn)變方面做得還不夠。沃瑟表示：“我們……意識(shí)到，這份協(xié)議反映了對(duì)抗氣候變化的真實(shí)政治意愿。不過(guò)，目前尚不清楚這種政治意愿將如何轉(zhuǎn)化為具體步驟。”

But companies said it was clear that world leaders had not yet done enough to underwrite a radical change in business strategy. Mr Voser said: “We...recognise that the accord reflects a true political willingness to combat climate change. However, it remains unclear how this political willingness will translate into concrete steps.”

歐洲能源集團(tuán)意昂(Eon)此前承諾，若能在哥本哈根達(dá)成有力的協(xié)議，該集團(tuán)將加快自己的減排速度。但該集團(tuán)首席執(zhí)行官沃爾夫·伯諾泰特(Wulf Bernotat)警告稱，這樣的減排力度現(xiàn)在將“取決于”聯(lián)合國(guó)談判的進(jìn)一步進(jìn)展，尤其是美國(guó)和中國(guó)的表現(xiàn)。

Eon, the European energy group, had pledged to cut its emissions faster if there was a strong deal at Copenhagen. But Wulf Bernotat, its chief executive, warned such cuts would “depend on further progress” in the UN talks, and from the US and China in particular.

德國(guó)工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)(BDI)總干事維爾納·施納普奧夫(Werner Schnappauf)表示，德國(guó)企業(yè)的反應(yīng)，可能是把工作崗位轉(zhuǎn)移到環(huán)保標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不那么嚴(yán)格的國(guó)家。“對(duì)我們的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，結(jié)果就是，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)（全球）公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)平臺(tái)的前景消退了，”他表示。

Werner Schnappauf, managing director of BDI, the German industrial association, said German companies could react by transferring jobs to countries with less strict environmental rules. “The result for our companies is that the creation of a [global] competitive level playing field has receded,” he said.

主張自由貿(mào)易的美國(guó)商業(yè)組織——美國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易委員會(huì)(NFTC)敦促美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)不要對(duì)從中國(guó)和印度等國(guó)進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品征收關(guān)稅，這些國(guó)家只同意減緩排放增長(zhǎng)，而不是減少排放總量。

The National Foreign Trade Council, a US business group that lobbies for free trade, urged the US Congress not to impose tariffs on imports from countries such as China and India that have agreed only to slow emissions growth, not to cut it.

巴克萊資本(Barclays Capital)的特雷弗·西科爾斯基(Trevor Sikorski)表示，哥本哈根會(huì)議未能商定簽署條約的時(shí)間表，會(huì)削弱人們對(duì)碳排放市場(chǎng)的信心。“如果說(shuō)這種結(jié)果將對(duì)（價(jià)格）走勢(shì)產(chǎn)生影響，那只能是下行的，”他說(shuō)。

Trevor Sikorski of Barclays Capital said Copenhagen's failiure to agree on a timetable for a treaty would undermine confidence in carbon markets. “If [prices] are going to go in any direction as a result of this, it will be down,” he said.