哥本哈根協(xié)議可能不包括援助承諾

聯(lián)合國(United Nations)已承認(rèn)，在哥本哈根達(dá)成的氣候變化協(xié)議，可能不包括為發(fā)展中國家提供資助的承諾。這將激怒較貧窮國家，還可能令一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)廣泛的協(xié)議泡湯。

The United Nations has conceded that a deal in Copenhagen on climate change might not include promised financial aid for developing countries, an admission that will infuriate poorer nations and potentially scupper a broad-based agreement.

聯(lián)合國秘書長潘基文(Ban Ki-moon)在接受英國《金融時報》采訪時表示，沒有發(fā)達(dá)國家向較貧窮國家提供長期資助以對抗全球變暖的堅(jiān)定承諾，各國照樣可以在哥本哈根簽署協(xié)議。“我們可以到明年再開始討論這個問題，”潘基文表示。發(fā)展中國家一直堅(jiān)決主張，在哥本哈根達(dá)成的任何協(xié)議，都必須包括到2020年它們將每年獲得至少1000億美元資金的保證。

Ban Ki-moon, secretary- general of the UN, told the Financial Times in an interview that countries could sign a deal at Copenhagen without a firm commitment from developed nations on long-term financing for poorer countries to combat global warming. “We can start next year discussing this matter,” Mr Ban said. Developing countries have long insisted that any Copenhagen deal must include assurances that they would receive finance flows of at least 0bn a year by 2020.

“我不肯定[我們可以達(dá)成一個長期資助的數(shù)目]……我不認(rèn)為這個具體數(shù)目是哥本哈根協(xié)議的全部意義所在。重要議題有很多，”他表示。“如果這次他們無法在哥本哈根達(dá)成共識，那么有必要達(dá)成 [資金方面的]某種初步安排。”

“I'm not quite sure [we can get a long-term financing number] . . . I don't think the exact number itself should be all of this Copenhagen deal. There are many important issues,” he said. “If they are not able to agree this time at Copenhagen, then there needs to be some initial arrangement [on financing].”

潘基文是在130多位國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人中的大部分預(yù)計(jì)將抵達(dá)哥本哈根的前夕做出上述表示的。他的言論可能導(dǎo)致談判進(jìn)一步受挫，而目前僅剩3天時間達(dá)成協(xié)議。但他敦促窮國無論如何也要簽署協(xié)議。“為了共同利益，所有國家都應(yīng)參與進(jìn)來，”他表示。

Coming on the eve of the arrival of most of the expected 130-odd national leaders in Copenhagen, Mr Ban's comments may trigger further disruptions in negotiations, with only three days left to conclude an agreement. But Mr Ban urged poor countries to sign a deal in any case. “For the common good, all countries should participate,” he said.

“這是一個常識、妥協(xié)與合作應(yīng)當(dāng)占上風(fēng)的時刻。”

“This is a time when common sense, compromise and partnership should prevail.”

與此同時，他談到了未來3年向發(fā)展中國家每年提供100億美元“快速啟動”資金的討論。他表示，這些資金在操作層面可以讓窮國立即動用，“這是個好的開始。”

In the meantime, he pointed to the discussions of “fast start” financing of bn a year for the next three years for developing countries. That should become available to poor countries with “immediate operational effect”, he said. “That is a good start.”

富國對窮國的資助，一直被視為在哥本哈根達(dá)成協(xié)議的四個根本要素之一。但潘基文重新調(diào)整了這種預(yù)期：“四大要素之一是資金支持，而不僅僅是長期[資助]。”

Financial assistance from the rich to the poor world has long been regarded as one of the four elements essential for a deal at Copenhagen. However, Mr Ban recalibrated that expectation: “One of the four elements was financial support, not just long- term [financing].”

對于多數(shù)窮國來說，“快速啟動”資金僅構(gòu)成它們所要求援助的一小部分。

For most poor countries, the “fast start” financing is only a minor part of the assistance they have been demanding.

少數(shù)發(fā)展中國家正在妨礙談判進(jìn)程，它們在最后一刻要求改動協(xié)議草案，并呼吁采取其它多數(shù)國家無法接受的更強(qiáng)硬立場。談判的核心目標(biāo)是，按照科學(xué)建議，把升溫幅度控制在高于所謂的工業(yè)化前水平不超過2攝氏度。但一些國家目前要求，達(dá)成把全球升溫幅度控制在不超過1攝氏度的協(xié)議。多數(shù)國家認(rèn)為，這一目標(biāo)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

A small group of developing countries has been obstructing the talks, by introducing last-minute changes to draft texts of an agreement and calling for harder positions than most other countries are prepared to take. The core aim of the talks has been to limit warming to no more than 2 degrees celsius above so-called pre-industrial levels, in line with scientific advice. But some nations have now called for an agreement that would limit global temperature rises to no more than 1 degree, which most regard as impossible.