2022年9月英語六級真題聽力第一套（4）
當(dāng)提及六級聽力時(shí)，尤其是英語六級真題聽力，我們不禁會想起那些考驗(yàn)英語學(xué)習(xí)者聽力理解能力的挑戰(zhàn)。作為英語六級考試的重要組成部分，六級聽力部分不僅要求考生能夠捕捉和識別出基本的語言信息，更需要他們在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)對復(fù)雜的語境進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確理解，并快速作出反應(yīng)。小編為大家整理了2022年9月英語六級真題聽力第一套Passage 2的內(nèi)容，希望能對您有所幫助！
英文原文
Passage 2
短文2
Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys. But that's not what we always do. Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people. We also often punish people who harm others or who aren't good team players. But sometimes, the good guys also get punished or criticized, specifically because they are so good. This seems baffling, because it's detrimental to group cooperation. However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields and it has been found in every society.
人們通常認(rèn)為應(yīng)該為好人喝彩，只懲罰壞人。但事情并非總是如此。大多數(shù)情況下，我們確實(shí)會獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)好人。我們也經(jīng)常懲罰那些傷害他人或不是好的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的人。但有時(shí)候，好人也會受到懲罰或批評，特別是因?yàn)樗麄兲昧恕＿@看起來很令人困惑，因?yàn)檫@不利于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。然而，這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域被發(fā)現(xiàn)，并且存在于每個(gè)社會中。
Why does this happen? Research suggests a simple reason. When one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison. Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good, especially if they can't or won't compete. After all, we're all judged in comparison with others. When faced with someone better, what can a normal person do? One option is to actively compete. A second option is to bring that person down. That is, to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, and first selfish motives for their actions, or imply real or imagine hypocrisy. Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions, or punishing them outright.
為什么會這樣呢？研究表明了一個(gè)簡單的原因。當(dāng)一個(gè)人看起來真的很好時(shí)，其他人相比之下就會顯得不好。那些其他人就有了阻止這個(gè)人顯得優(yōu)秀的動(dòng)機(jī)，尤其是如果他們不能或不愿競爭的話。畢竟，我們都是在與他人比較中被評判的。當(dāng)面對比自己更優(yōu)秀的人時(shí)，一個(gè)普通人能做什么呢？一個(gè)選擇是積極競爭。第二個(gè)選擇是拉低那個(gè)人。也就是說，壓制他們的合作或職業(yè)道德，首先懷疑他們行為的自私動(dòng)機(jī)，或者暗示他們真正或想象的虛偽。其他策略包括攻擊他們不相關(guān)的方面，或者直接懲罰他們。
Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money, or work too hard. Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds. This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds. So it's important to recognize these attacks for what they are.
這為什么重要呢？批評者經(jīng)常攻擊那些保護(hù)環(huán)境、捐款或工作過度努力的人的動(dòng)機(jī)。那些沒有做過這些好事的人，會把這些好事斥為幼稚或虛偽。這種批評最終可能會阻止人們做好事。因此，重要的是要認(rèn)清這些攻擊的本質(zhì)。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
問題12至15是基于你剛剛聽到的短文。
Question 12: What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?
問題12：文中討論了什么樣的令人困惑的現(xiàn)象？
Question 13: How are we all judged according to the passage?
問題13：根據(jù)文章，我們所有人是如何被評判的？
Question 14: What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?
問題14：當(dāng)面對表現(xiàn)更好的人時(shí)，一個(gè)普通人能做什么？
Question 15: What may discourage people from performing good deeds?
問題15：什么可能會阻止人們做好事？
