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英文原文
Section C
C部分
Recording one
錄音一
It has long been scientifically established that weather changes can affect people's moods. Now a new study has provided evidence that temperature can influence people's personalities. This study of over 1.6 million people revealed that 22 degrees Celsius is the perfect air temperature to live in. A city with an average annual temperature closer to 22 tends to have a population who are more agreeable, conscientious, emotionally stable, and outgoing. It is the least taxing temperature for the body to regulate its own temperature.
科學(xué)界早已證實(shí)，天氣變化會(huì)影響人的情緒?，F(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)新研究提供了證據(jù)表明，溫度可以影響人的性格。這項(xiàng)對(duì)超過160萬(wàn)人的研究表明，22攝氏度是居住的理想氣溫。一個(gè)城市的年平均氣溫越接近22度，其居民往往更加隨和、認(rèn)真、情緒穩(wěn)定和外向。這是人體調(diào)節(jié)自身溫度時(shí)最不易造成負(fù)擔(dān)的溫度。
The study was observational and didn't show cause and effect, but the scientists behind it theorize that better weather leads people to leave their home more often. This in turn leads to more social interaction, which encourages them to develop a friendlier and socially more acceptable personality. Warmer climates also make people feel more positive in general. They tend to be more agreeable and conscientious.
這項(xiàng)研究是觀察性的，并未顯示因果關(guān)系，但參與研究的科學(xué)家們推測(cè)，好天氣會(huì)讓人們更經(jīng)常地離開家。這反過來(lái)又會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的社交互動(dòng)，從而鼓勵(lì)他們發(fā)展出更加友好和社交上更可接受的性格。溫暖的氣候也會(huì)讓人們總體上感覺更加積極。他們往往更加隨和、認(rèn)真。
The findings might help explain why colder and warmer countries tend to produce people with different personalities. Roughly speaking, about 40% of a person's personality is determined by their genes, the other 60% by their environment. It was already well known that personality traits vary across geographic regions. Scientists also knew that these geographic personality traits are associated with a broad range of consequential outcomes. These outcomes include economic activity, for example, entrepreneurial startup rates, and also crime rates, health behaviors, and health outcomes. It is well established that personality traits differ between countries.
這些發(fā)現(xiàn)或許有助于解釋為什么較冷和較熱的國(guó)家往往會(huì)培養(yǎng)出具有不同性格的人。粗略地說，一個(gè)人的性格大約40%是由基因決定的，另外60%是由環(huán)境決定的。人們?cè)缫阎?，不同地理區(qū)域的人格特質(zhì)各不相同?？茖W(xué)家們也知道，這些地理人格特質(zhì)與一系列重大后果相關(guān)聯(lián)。這些后果包括經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，例如創(chuàng)業(yè)啟動(dòng)率，以及犯罪率、健康行為和健康結(jié)果。人們普遍認(rèn)為，不同國(guó)家的人格特質(zhì)存在差異。
The research team speculated the two might be linked. To test this, they gave online personality tests to 5,587 Chinese students and 1.66 million Americans. They then compared the results with the average annual temperature.
研究團(tuán)隊(duì)推測(cè)這兩者可能存在聯(lián)系。為了驗(yàn)證這一點(diǎn)，他們對(duì)5587名中國(guó)學(xué)生和166萬(wàn)名美國(guó)人進(jìn)行了在線性格測(cè)試。然后，他們將結(jié)果與年平均氣溫進(jìn)行了比較。
Where they grew up, the tests measured personality along five well-studied characteristics. The five were agreeability, conscientiousness, emotional stability, outgoingness, and openness to new experiences. In both groups, the researchers found the closer a town's average annual temperature was to 22 degrees, the more its population exhibited those personality characteristics. However, the findings were much stronger for the Chinese group than the Americans studied, which suggests that though temperature plays a role, it does not play a dominant role. The effects are fairly weak. It's unlikely to lead to many arguments over the temperature setting of the office air conditioner.
對(duì)于他們的成長(zhǎng)地，測(cè)試測(cè)量了人格特征的五個(gè)方面，這五個(gè)方面是：隨和性、盡責(zé)性、情緒穩(wěn)定性、外向性以及接受新體驗(yàn)的開放性。在兩個(gè)群體中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，城鎮(zhèn)的平均年氣溫越接近22度，其居民就越表現(xiàn)出這些人格特征。然而，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)在中國(guó)組中的表現(xiàn)比研究的美國(guó)組更為強(qiáng)烈，這表明盡管溫度起到了一定作用，但它并不是主導(dǎo)因素。這些影響相當(dāng)微弱。因此，不太可能因辦公室空調(diào)的溫度設(shè)置而引發(fā)太多爭(zhēng)論。
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
問題16到18是基于你剛才聽到的錄音。
Question 16: What has a new study revealed about temperature?
問題16: 一項(xiàng)新研究揭示了關(guān)于溫度的什么信息？
Question 17: What does the speaker say about warmer climates?
問題17: 說話者是如何描述溫暖氣候的？
Question 18: What did the online personality tests suggest?
問題18: 在線人格測(cè)試提出了什么建議？
