新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第三冊unit9-a Premarital Agreements

Section(A)

Premarital Agreements

A future husband wanted to be sure that if his marriage didn't work out, he could keep his treasured ice-cream collection safely stored away in a freezer. A woman insisted on verifying who would walk the dog. One man wanted the right to get a divorce if his bride-to-be gained more than 15 pounds once she became his wife.

These are some of the crazier clauses of prenuptial agreements. But make no mistake about it, what most of them are about is money — and how financial assets will be divided up if a couple divorces. And divorce with its accompanying money problems is common in the United States.

Prenuptial agreements — or "prenups" — are designed to address these problems as they arise. Prenups are negotiated by lawyers for the prospective spouses, and signed before a minister binds them in marriage. They have been gaining in acceptance in the United States since the early 1980s, when more states began passing laws that affected the division of financial assets in a divorce. The laws are based either on "community property" (split evenly) or on "reasonable distribution" (whatever a judge thinks is "fair").

The prenups of the famous make the headlines: lawyers for Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis contested the prenuptial agreement between her and Aristotle Onassis after his death, reportedly winning $26 million in an out-of-court settlement.

But prenuptial agreements are also for lesser known, although wealthy folks. "It's because divorce has such great economic consequences, and successive marriages have become so common," said a family law lawyer.

A typical candidate for a prenuptial agreement is a man who has accumulated considerable wealth, has already been stung once, and wants to reduce his exposure to future problems. "They want to make their own arrangements, rather than let a court decide," said the president of the New York chapter of the American Academy of Marriage Lawyers.

Protecting children from a previous marriage is a strong reason for prenuptial contracts. "Someone may have an estate of $1 billion and he may not want a second spouse to get a payment of half a billion. He may want more for his children," said a lawyer. The effort to shield assets to be passed on to children and grandchildren is making prenups more common among retired people in their 60s and 70s who are remarrying after a spouse has died.

Another situation that calls for premarital agreements occurs when a potential spouse has, or is in line for, great inherited wealth or a family business, especially if the future partner has little or nothing at all.

But even when both parties have signed such an agreement, it can be impossible to enforce it in court if proper guidelines have not been followed. A lawyer is required to write the document, for mistakes in language — even a misplaced preposition — can be disastrous. But never, ever, warn marriage law consultants, should you use the same lawyer as your future spouse does.

Another problem is a prenuptial agreement signed under pressure. To avoid this, some lawyers will not draw up an agreement once a wedding date has been set. "I figure there's a sword hanging over their head, and that's pressure," they said. Such lawyers counsel their clients never to send out wedding invitations until both signatures are on an agreement.

But not everyone takes this advice. A classic example is cited by lawyers: "An agreement is stuck under somebody's nose on the day of the wedding — and it's usually a 'she' — and she signs, but doesn't even read it." Another lawyer recalled one awkward episode where the two sides were still editing the contract, arguing over what to keep and delete, as 150 wedding guests were arriving for the wedding.

When an agreement could not be forged, the wedding was canceled. A dispute can also break out over prenuptial agreements if a couple decides to divorce while living abroad, or when they have different passports. A lawyer in a London law firm that often handles divorces for British-American couples noted that in Britain, prenuptial agreements were "just about ignored" by the courts because English law says that circumstances of a marriage aren't static, and therefore a judge should decide how financial assets will be divided.

That can lead to "court-shopping", since what matters is the law of the country where the couple is getting divorced. He gave the following example: "A wealthy Mr. Ed Smith gets married to Mrs.Smith, and they enter into a New York prenuptial contract. They live in England, and then decide to get divorced. English lawyers will say to Mrs. Smith, 'No, that contract is not valid,' while Mr.Smith will want it to be an American case. The issue of where it will be held can greatly multiply the amount of time required to reach a settlement."

Romantic love has no bearing on this process, say these lawyers, who consider prenups to be business agreements. Their justification: some 50 percent of all marriages in the United States end up on the trash heap.

Moreover, the discussions for a prenuptial agreement, which involve laying bare all one's finances, sometimes save a couple from a terrible marriage. "It sheds light on issues which could later widen and result in divorce," said a lawyer.

But there is still hope. "Many people sign an agreement, put it in a drawer and never look at it again," the lawyer added.

Words: 902

New Words

■marital a. 婚姻的；夫妻的
　premarital a. 婚前的
　ice-cream n. 冰淇淋
　collection n. 1.收藏品，收集的東西 2.收集，收取
　verify vt. 證明，證實，核實
　clause n. 1.條款，款項 2.分句，從句
■nuptial a. 婚姻的，結(jié)婚的
◆prenuptial a. 結(jié)婚前的
　bind vt. 1.連結(jié)，聯(lián)合，結(jié)合 2.捆綁，捆扎 3.迫使，約束
　acceptance n. 1.接受，接納 2.贊同，承認(rèn)
　division n. 1.分開，劃分 2.分歧 3.部門
　headline n. 標(biāo)題；新聞提要
　contest v. 1.質(zhì)疑，辯駁 2.爭取，爭奪；與……競爭 n. 1.競賽，比賽 2.爭奪，競爭
　candidate n. 候選人；參加考試者
　sting vt. 1.激怒，刺痛 2.刺傷，蟄傷 n. 刺痛，刺傷
　exposure n. 暴露，曝光，揭露
　chapter n. 1.支部，分會 2.章，回
　payment n. 支付的款項
　shield vt. 防護(hù)，保護(hù)，庇護(hù) n. 防護(hù)物，護(hù)罩，盾（狀物）
　retire v. 1.(使)退休，(使)退役 2.退下，離開
　retired a. 退休了的
　enforce vt. 1.使生效，實施，執(zhí)行 2.強(qiáng)迫，迫使
　preposition n. 介詞
　consultant n. 顧問
　sword n. 劍
　invitation n. 1.邀請；邀請信 2.引誘，誘惑
　signature n. 簽名；簽字
　cite vt. 1.引用，引證 2.（軍隊的）傳令嘉獎
　awkward a. 1.困窘的，尷尬的 2.難操縱的，使用不便的 3.笨拙的，不靈巧的
　edit vt. 編輯，剪輯，校訂
　delete vt. 刪掉，劃去（文字）
　forge vt. 1.鍛造，錘煉；使形成 2.偽造，假冒，仿造
　dispute n. 爭端，分歧 v. 1.爭論，爭吵，辯論 2.對……表示異議，反對，辯駁
　passport n. 護(hù)照
　circumstance n. 情形，情況，狀況
　static a. 靜止的，不變的
　bearing n. 1.關(guān)系，影響 2.舉止，姿態(tài) 3.方位，方向
▲justification n. 正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?br /> 　heap n. 1.一堆 2.大量，許多 vt. （使）堆起
　shed vt. 1.流出，流下，發(fā)出 2.去掉，擺脫 3.脫落，脫去 n. 棚，小屋
　drawer n. 抽屜

Phrases and Expressions

　work out 發(fā)展很好；證明是成功的
　store away 收起來，儲存，儲備
　insist on/upon 堅決要求 堅持認(rèn)為
　make no mistake (about sth.) 別弄錯了；毫無疑問
　gain in 得到更多的……
　make/hit the headlines 成為頭條新聞
　call for 需求，要求
　be in line for 即將獲得，很可能得到
　under pressure 在壓力下，在強(qiáng)力下
　draw up 寫出，制定 （使）停住
　send out 發(fā)出，寄出
　take advice 采納某人的意見
　under sb.'s nose 就在... ...面前
　argue over/about 為……爭論，爭吵
　break out 突然開始，爆發(fā) 逃離
　just about 幾乎，非常接近
　lead to 導(dǎo)致
　enter into sth. 開始討論；著手處理
　have no bearing on 與……無關(guān)
　end up 結(jié)束，告終
　lay bare 揭示，說出
　shed/throw/cast light on (使)更容易理解

Proper Names

　Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis 杰奎琳·肯尼迪·奧納西斯
　Aristotle Onassis 亞里士多德·奧納西斯
　American Academy of Marriage Lawyers 美國婚姻法律師協(xié)會
　Ed Smith 艾德·史密斯