新概念英語第四冊(cè)（美音版）Of men and galaxies

[00:00.87]Lesson 45 [00:02.87]Of men and galaxies [00:11.20]What is the most influential factor in any human society? [00:18.75]In man's early days, competition with other creatures must have been critical. [00:25.22]But this phase of our development is now finished. [00:28.88]Indeed, we lack practice and experience nowadays in dealing with primitive conditions. [00:35.97]I am sure that, without modern weapons, [00:39.21]I would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone. [00:49.65]The last creature to compete with man was the mosquito. [00:53.96]But even the mosquito has been subdued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays. [01:01.53]Competition between ourselves, person against person, [01:06.13]community against community, still persists, however; and it is as fierce as it ever was. [01:14.55]But the competition of man against man is not the simple process envisioned in biology. [01:21.74]It is not a simple competition for a fixed amount of food determined by the physical environment, [01:28.55]because the environment that determines our evolution is no longer essentially physical. [01:35.73]Our environment is chiefly conditoned by the things we believe. [01:41.69]Morocco and California are bits of the Earth in very similar latitudes, [01:47.47]both on the west coasts of continents with similar climates, and probably with rather similar natural resources. [01:55.79]Yet their present development is wholly different, [02:00.02]not so much because of different people even, [02:03.48]but because of the different thoughts that exist in the minds of their inhabitants. [02:09.45]This is the point I wish to emphasize. [02:12.44]The most important factor in our environment is the state of our own minds. [02:19.02]It is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture, [02:24.02]the most destructive effects have come not from physical weapons but from ideas. [02:31.35]Ideas are dangerous. [02:34.29]The Holy Office knew this full well when it caused heretics to be burned in days gone by. [02:41.11]Indeed, the concept of free speech only exists in our modern society because when you are inside a community, [02:50.23]you are conditioned by the conventions of the community to such a degree that it is very difficult to conceive of anything really destructive. [03:00.76]It is only someone looking on from outside that can inject the dangerous thoughts. [03:07.35]I do not doubt that it would be possible to inject ideas into the modern world that would utterly destroy us. [03:15.04]I would like to give you an example, but fortunately I cannot do so. [03:21.17]Perhaps it will suffice to mention the nuclear bomb. [03:25.22]Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, [03:31.00]one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying suffcient details to enable the thing to be constructed. [03:42.11]20 or 30 pages of information handed to any of the major world powers around the year 1925, [03:50.06]would have been sufficient to change the course of world history. [03:54.74]It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, [03:59.40]that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it. [04:12.66]I have often tried to conceive of what those pages might contain, [04:18.18]but of course I cannot do so because I am a prisoner of the present-day world, just as all of you are. [04:26.81]We cannot think outside the particular patterns that our brains are conditioned to, or, [04:33.87]to be more accurate we can think only a very little way outside and then only if we are very original.

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