城市在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面道阻且長(zhǎng)

More cities than ever are implementing measures to fight climate change and mitigate the impact of extreme weather events on their communities, but there’s still a large gap between what’s needed and what they’re doing.

與以往任何時(shí)候相比，更多的城市正在采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，減輕極端天氣事件對(duì)社區(qū)的影響，但在所需和所做之間仍有很大差距。

In a survey of 812 cities released by nonprofit CDP on Wednesday, almost all said they’re aware they face hazards such as extreme heat, flooding and rainstorms that put their people and infrastructure at risk. Less than half have a detailed plan to tackle the problem.

非營(yíng)利組織CDP周三公布的一項(xiàng)對(duì)812個(gè)城市的調(diào)查顯示，幾乎所有的城市都意識(shí)到自己面臨著酷熱、洪水和暴雨等危險(xiǎn)，這些都會(huì)危及到自己的人民和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。但只有不到一半的城市對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題做出了詳細(xì)計(jì)劃。

“There’s an improvement in cities’ climate plans, but there’s definitely still a gap,” said Mirjam Wolfrum, director of policy engagement at CDP Europe. “Much more, and at a faster pace is needed.”

“城市的氣候計(jì)劃有所改善，但肯定仍有差距。”CDP歐洲政策參與主管Mirjam Wolfrum表示，“我們還需要做更多，更快。”

Cities are essential in the fight against global warming because they’re responsible for about three-quarters of greenhouse gas emissions globally and consume about two-thirds of the world’s energy supplies. Climate scientists say emissions need to be halved by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050 to keep warming at or close to the threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.

城市在對(duì)抗全球變暖的斗爭(zhēng)中至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗鼈円獮槿蚣s四分之三的溫室氣體排放負(fù)責(zé)，并消耗全球約三分之二的能源供應(yīng)。氣候科學(xué)家表示，到2030年，溫室氣體排放量需要減半，到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放，才能使氣溫在本世紀(jì)末保持在或接近1.5攝氏度的閾值。

Only 17% of cities are implementing actions across the four areas CDP says have the highest impact when it comes to slashing emissions—building, transport, electricity grids and waste management. There’s a gap in project financing too. About half the cities surveyed identified more than 1,000 climate projects they could undertake, requiring $42 billion in additional investment in total, according to the report.

CDP 表示，只有17% 的城市在建筑、交通、電網(wǎng)和廢物管理等四個(gè)領(lǐng)域采取行動(dòng)，在削減排放方面產(chǎn)生的影響最大。在項(xiàng)目融資方面也存在缺口。報(bào)告顯示，在接受調(diào)查的城市中，約有一半的城市確定了超過(guò)1000個(gè)他們可以承擔(dān)的氣候項(xiàng)目，總共需要420億美元的額外投資。

Climate disclosure is the first step to help cities understand their climate risks. After that they should develop a plan with short- and long-term targets, and a mechanism for regularly reporting progress. In CDP’s survey, 365 respondents had city-wide emissions reduction plans in 2020 —up from just 16 a decade ago—but only 148 were aligned with science-based targets.

氣候信息披露是幫助城市了解其氣候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的第一步。之后，他們應(yīng)該制定一個(gè)有短期和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)的計(jì)劃，以及定期報(bào)告進(jìn)展情況的機(jī)制。在CDP的調(diào)查中，十年前只有16個(gè)城市制定了全市減排計(jì)劃，這一數(shù)字在2020年上升為365個(gè)，但只有148個(gè)城市的計(jì)劃與科學(xué)目標(biāo)一致。

The number of cities preparing risk assessments has increased more than 10-fold to 478 over the past decade. But 43% of cities representing a projected population of over 400 million people by 2030 still don’t have climate adaptation plans. The main vulnerabilities reported were rainstorms, heatwaves and drought.

在過(guò)去十年中，準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估的城市數(shù)量增加了10倍多，達(dá)到478個(gè)。但到2030年，預(yù)計(jì)人口將超過(guò)4億的城市中，仍有43%沒(méi)有氣候適應(yīng)計(jì)劃。報(bào)告的主要薄弱環(huán)節(jié)是暴雨、熱浪和干旱。