關(guān)于2020年人口普查，你需要知道什么

關(guān)于2020年人口普查，你需要知道什么

The federal government is trying to get every U.S. household to answer some personal questions for the 2020 census. It's part of a once-a-decade tradition of counting every person living in the U.S.

聯(lián)邦政府正試圖讓每個(gè)美國(guó)家庭為2020年人口普查回答一些個(gè)人問(wèn)題。這是每十年一次的美國(guó)人口普查傳統(tǒng)的一部分。

Each national head count comes with its own rash of confusion. The 2020 census is the first in the U.S. since the rise of social media and the first U.S. count that's primarily online. For months, the government has been preparing to combat disinformation campaigns that may try to disrupt the count, which is rolling out not only in the middle of a presidential race but also during the coronavirus pandemic.

每個(gè)國(guó)家的人口普查都伴隨著自己的混亂。2020年的人口普查是自社交媒體興起以來(lái)美國(guó)的首次人口普查，也是美國(guó)首次主要通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行人口普查。幾個(gè)月來(lái)，政府一直在準(zhǔn)備打擊可能試圖擾亂統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果的虛假信息活動(dòng)，統(tǒng)計(jì)不僅在總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選期間展開(kāi)，而且在冠狀病毒大流行期間也在展開(kāi)。

NPR has been tracking all of the developments to help you figure out what you need to know. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about the census, answered.

NPR一直在跟蹤所有的進(jìn)展，以幫助你弄清楚你需要知道什么。以下是此次人口普查中最常被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題。

Has the coronavirus pandemic delayed the U.S. census?

冠狀病毒大流行是否推遲了美國(guó)人口普查?

The outbreak of COVID-19 has forced the Census Bureau to postpone its field operations, but the bureau says it is still collecting information from tens of millions of households.

COVID-19的爆發(fā)迫使美國(guó)人口普查局推遲了實(shí)地調(diào)查，但該局表示，他們?nèi)栽趶臄?shù)千萬(wàn)家庭中收集信息。

Why is the census important?

為什么人口普查很重要?

The census is required by the Constitution, which calls for an "actual enumeration" once a decade since 1790. The 2020 population numbers will shape how political power and federal tax dollars are shared in the U.S over the next 10 years. The number of congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets are determined by census numbers.

人口普查是憲法規(guī)定的，自1790年起每十年進(jìn)行一次“實(shí)際統(tǒng)計(jì)”。2020年的人口數(shù)量將決定美國(guó)在未來(lái)十年的政治權(quán)力和聯(lián)邦稅收如何分配。每個(gè)州獲得的國(guó)會(huì)席位和選舉人團(tuán)票數(shù)是由人口普查數(shù)據(jù)決定的。

How is the census taken?

人口普查是如何進(jìn)行的?

The 2020 count will be the first one to allow all U.S. households to respond online at my2020census.gov. Starting in early April, paper forms are expected to be sent to every household that has been asked to fill out a questionnaire but has not done so, and, for the first time, you can call toll-free numbers to give responses over the phone.

2020年的人口普查將是第一個(gè)允許所有美國(guó)家庭通過(guò)my2020censu .gov進(jìn)行在線回復(fù)的普查。從4月初開(kāi)始，紙質(zhì)表格將被發(fā)送到每一個(gè)被要求填寫(xiě)問(wèn)卷但沒(méi)有這樣做的家庭，而且，這是第一次，你可以撥打免費(fèi)電話來(lái)進(jìn)行電話回復(fù)。

Who gets counted in the census?

人口普查的對(duì)象是誰(shuí)?

The Census Bureau includes every person living in the U.S. — regardless of citizenship or immigration status. International visitors on vacation or work trips to the U.S. during the census are not included. Residents are counted at the address where they usually live and sleep.

美國(guó)人口普查局統(tǒng)計(jì)了每一個(gè)居住在美國(guó)的人，不論他們的國(guó)籍或移民身份。人口普查期間前往美國(guó)度假或工作的國(guó)際游客不包括在內(nèi)。居民按他們通常居住和睡覺(jué)的地址統(tǒng)計(jì)。

What questions will the 2020 census ask?

2020年人口普查將提出哪些問(wèn)題?

Most of the questions will be similar to what census forms have asked for in recent counts:

大多數(shù)問(wèn)題與最近的人口普查表格所要求的類(lèi)似:

The number of people living or staying in a home on April 1. 2020.

2020年4月1日居住或停留在一個(gè)家里的人數(shù)。

Whether the home is owned with or without a mortgage or loan, rented or occupied without rent.

房屋是否有抵押貸款，出租或無(wú)租金占用。

A phone number for a person in the home.

家里一個(gè)人的電話號(hào)碼。

The name, sex, age, date of birth and race of each person in the home.

家中每個(gè)人的姓名、性別、年齡、出生日期和種族。

Whether each person is of Hispanic, Latino.

是否有人是西班牙裔、拉丁裔。

The relationship of each person to a central person in the home.

每個(gè)人與家中中心人物的關(guān)系。

Can I refuse to answer a census question?

我可以拒絕回答人口普查的問(wèn)題嗎?

You can skip questions, submit an incomplete census form, and still be included in the head count. But you can be fined for refusing to answer a census question or intentionally giving a false answer, although the penalty has rarely been enforced in the past.

你可以跳過(guò)問(wèn)題，提交一個(gè)不完整的人口普查表格，仍然包括在人口普查中。但如果你拒絕回答人口普查問(wèn)題或故意給出錯(cuò)誤答案，你可能會(huì)被罰款，盡管這種處罰在過(guò)去很少被執(zhí)行。

Are census responses confidential?

普查結(jié)果是否保密?

Under current federal law, the bureau cannot share census responses identifying individuals with the public or other federal agencies, including immigration authorities and other law enforcement, until 72 years after the information is collected. The Census Bureau, however, can release anonymized census information about specific demographic groups at a level as detailed as a neighborhood.

根據(jù)現(xiàn)行的聯(lián)邦法律，在信息收集(達(dá)到)72年之前，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局不能向公眾或其他聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)(包括移民當(dāng)局和其他執(zhí)法部門(mén))透露人口普查中確認(rèn)個(gè)人身份的信息。然而，人口普查局可以發(fā)布關(guān)于特定人口群體的匿名普查信息，其詳細(xì)程度相當(dāng)于一個(gè)社區(qū)。