西班牙48度、日本韓國40度、中國東北37度、北極32度,這兩周以來,整個北半球都被高溫籠罩,多地打破了歷史最高紀錄。
The Arctic Circle — the realm of polar bears and dwindling sea ice at the top of the world — hit 32 degrees Celsius, last week.
上周,北極圈達到了32攝氏度的高溫。這里位于地球最北端,是北極熊的棲息地,海上浮冰在不斷融化。
This was the temperature in Banak, Norway on July 30, though some Norwegian areas even reached a couple degrees warmer, according to the European meteorology site severe-weather.eu. Banak sits atop northern Europe, over 350 miles above the bottom edge of the Arctic Circle.
這是挪威班納克7月30日所達到的高溫,根據(jù)歐洲惡劣天氣網的數(shù)據(jù),挪威其他一些地區(qū)氣溫甚至更高。班納克位于歐洲最北部,距離北極圈的下邊界僅有350多英里(約合563公里)。
The greater Northern Hemisphere and Europe itself have been repeatedly scorched by both record and near-record temperatures this summer, a consequence of overall rising global temperatures.
由于全球氣溫上升,今年夏天,北半球和歐洲屢次遭遇創(chuàng)紀錄或接近創(chuàng)紀錄的高溫。
瑞典,因高溫引起的10余起森林火災燒進北極圈。
In the past 40 years, Earth's climate has experienced an accelerated warming trend, which adds an extra level of background warming to hot spells — making heatwaves more extreme, climate scientists have said.
氣候學家表示,過去40年,地球的氣候加速變暖,這使得全球出現(xiàn)了更多高溫天氣,熱浪更加極端。
And the heat at the top of the world really drives that home.
即使是世界之巔的北極圈也難逃熱浪襲擊。
A photo of what appears to be Scandinavian folks taking a dip in a river while reindeer — the cold-adapted, antlered, herbivores — cooled off in the water beside them is perhaps the best example of just how hot it is in parts of the Arctic Circle right now.
有照片顯示挪威人在河中游泳,而適應寒冷的馴鹿也不得不下水降溫,這或許是目前北極圈罕見高溫的最佳例證。
The "warm season" in Banak is short, lasting around three months, but the very warmest day of the year, around July 23, is usually around 62 degrees Fahrenheit — about 30 degrees cooler than temperatures there now. Overall, temperatures in northern Europe are between 14 to 21 degrees Fahrenheit, 8 to 13 degrees Celsius, above average.
班納克的“溫暖季節(jié)”很短,大約持續(xù)三個月,但一年中最溫暖的一天,大約在7月23日,通常在62華氏度左右(約合16.7攝氏度)——比那里現(xiàn)在的溫度低30華氏度??偟膩碚f,北歐的溫度平均在14到21華氏度(8到13攝氏度)之間。
All-time temperature records were set in both Norway and Finland on July 30, including 86 degrees Fahrenheit, 30 degrees Celsius, in Verde, near Banak, though extreme or near-record temperatures blanketed the region.
7月30日,挪威和芬蘭都創(chuàng)下了有史以來最高氣溫紀錄,班納克附近的佛得角氣溫達到86華氏度(30攝氏度),而極端或接近創(chuàng)紀錄的高溫覆蓋了整個地區(qū)。
Persistent heat and dryness this summer have transformed normally verdant European countries into brown and yellow lands, and the continent's extreme heat is expected to persist.
今年夏天持續(xù)的高溫和干燥已經把一片青蔥的歐洲國家烤成了棕黃色,預計歐洲大陸的極端高溫還將持續(xù)下去。
丹麥西蘭島一處農田去年7月時還是遍地綠色,如今已焦黃一片。
英國氣象局和歐洲惡劣天氣網都預計,上周末氣溫有可能打破歐洲歷史最高溫紀錄,即118.4華氏度(48攝氏度)。
Meanwhile, across the planet, extreme heat has enhanced wildfire activity in the western part of the United States, even stoking a rare and imposing fire tornado.
與此同時,在全球范圍內,極端高溫加劇了美國西部的森林火災,甚至引發(fā)了一場罕見且來勢洶洶的火焰龍卷風。
極地高溫帶來的直接影響是,北冰洋海冰大面積融化。眾多北極熊無冰可依,一些北極熊不得不上岸來到人類居住區(qū)覓食。
美國國家宇航局(NASA)2016年的一項研究顯示,如果全球變暖持續(xù)下去,北冰洋的海冰可能于2040年左右完全消失。到時候,我們或許只能在海洋館一類的地方才能看到北極熊了。
阿爾伯塔大學研究北極熊的教授安德魯·德羅謝爾說,氣候變化正在減少北極熊捕獵區(qū)的冰面,使它們花更多的時間在離人類更近的陸地上游蕩。
除了北極熊,其他一些極地動物也面臨威脅。
學術刊物《PLOSONE》的一項研究顯示,隨著北冰洋海冰面積的縮減,冰面變得擁擠。
越來越多的海豹開始遷徙并滯留在美國東海岸,其中大部分海豹身體狀況將惡化甚至很快死亡。
由于冰面變薄,母海豹難以順利生產,一些出生不久的小海豹,則可能會因跌進冰海而夭折。