華裔男性吸煙率高居不下，紐約推出中文禁煙廣告

Reflecting a global trend, Chinese men in New York City smoke at much higher rates than men or women in any other ethnic group — and deaths from lung cancer among them have soared.

與其他任何族裔的男性女性相比，紐約市的華裔男性有著更高的吸煙率——肺癌死亡人數(shù)也在飆升，這反映了一種全球趨勢(shì)。

As a result, the city’s health department launched a public service ad campaign this month aimed specifically at Chinese men.

因此，紐約衛(wèi)生部門本月發(fā)布了一條專門針對(duì)華裔男性的公益廣告。

In its video, various men pose with their children, or in the arms of wives or girlfriends. Then, slowly, the men fade away into wisps of gray smoke.

視頻中，各個(gè)男士或者與子女站在一起，或是與妻子、女友相擁。然后，他們慢慢地化成一縷灰煙消失。

“Every cigarette puff reduces your years shared with your loved ones,” the announcer says in Mandarin. “Stop wasting your precious life, and quit smoking now.”

“每多吸一口煙，你就越快消失在親人面前，”旁白用普通話說(shuō)道。“別讓你寶貴的生命在煙霧中消逝，立刻戒煙。”

Lung cancer deaths among Asian men in the city have increased 70 percent in the last 15 years, and smoking rates among them have risen even as they have declined among other ethnic groups, the health department said.

衛(wèi)生部門表示，在過(guò)去15年中，紐約市亞裔男性肺癌死亡人數(shù)增加了70%，即使其他族裔的吸煙率已經(jīng)下降，亞裔男性的吸煙率仍在上升。

A department study of the health of Asian New Yorkers released in March found that 23 percent of local Asians smoked, versus 18 percent of whites, 17 percent of Hispanics and 14 percent of blacks.

今年3月發(fā)布的一份關(guān)于紐約亞裔健康狀況的研究報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)?shù)赜?3%的亞裔吸煙，相比之下，白人為18%，西班牙裔17%，黑人14%。

But breakdowns by ethnicity and sex tell a more complex story. Korean and Chinese people smoke at higher rates than average, while South Asians and Filipinos smoke less often. At 27 percent, Chinese men are the city’s heaviest smokers, while only 4 percent of Asian women smoke.

但根據(jù)族裔和性別進(jìn)行分析可以說(shuō)明更為復(fù)雜的情況。韓國(guó)人和中國(guó)人的吸煙率高于平均水平，南亞和菲律賓人則較少吸煙。吸煙率為27%的華裔男性是紐約市吸煙最為嚴(yán)重的群體，而亞洲女性只有4%的人吸煙。

Two factors push up smoking rates among Chinese men in New York, said Regina F. Lee, who chairs the Asian-American Smoke-Free Community Partnership.

“亞裔美國(guó)人無(wú)煙社區(qū)伙伴計(jì)劃”(Asian-American Smoke-Free Community Partnership)的主席李鳳儀表示，紐約華裔男性吸煙率高，由兩個(gè)因素推動(dòng)。

Cultural norms from China persist in the city because many Chinese residents are foreign-born, she said: “Sixty percent of men there smoke, while there is a stigma to women smoking.”

由于許多華裔居民在外國(guó)出生，來(lái)自中國(guó)的文化規(guī)范在紐約仍在延續(xù)，她說(shuō)：“在中國(guó)，60%的男性吸煙，女性吸煙則是一種恥辱。”

Also, it has long been hard for Chinese-speakers to get the help the city offers to smokers, including free nicotine patches and gum. Anyone calling the quit-smoking hotline usually got an English-speaker and had to wait while a translator was found.

此外，說(shuō)中文的人長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)也難以獲得紐約市為吸煙者提供的幫助，包括免費(fèi)的尼古丁貼片和戒煙口香糖。撥打戒煙熱線電話的人通常會(huì)接通一位講英語(yǔ)的接線員，然后必須等接線員找到一位翻譯。

“So we were delighted when the health department proposed this,” Ms. Lee said.

“因此當(dāng)衛(wèi)生部門提出這一點(diǎn)時(shí)我們非常高興，”李鳳儀說(shuō)。

The hotline mentioned in the ad (1-800-838-8917) is part of the national Asian Smokers’ Quitline, which is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and offers help in Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean and Vietnamese.

廣告中提及的熱線電話(1-800-838-8917)是全國(guó)亞裔煙民戒煙熱線的一個(gè)分支，由疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)資助，提供普通話、粵語(yǔ)、韓語(yǔ)及越南語(yǔ)幫助。

A 2015 study published in the Lancet found that Chinese men smoke a third of all the cigarettes in the world, and that by the year 2050, three million of them will die each year of smoking-related causes.

《柳葉刀》(Lancet)雜志2015年發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國(guó)男性吸了全世界三分之一的煙，并且到2050年，每年因吸煙引發(fā)疾病死亡的人數(shù)將達(dá)到300萬(wàn)人。

But antismoking efforts in China face a delicate political situation. More than 7 percent of the government’s revenue comes from its monopoly ownership of the Chinese National Tobacco Corporation.

但中國(guó)的禁煙行動(dòng)面對(duì)著一種微妙的政治環(huán)境。政府超過(guò)7%的收入來(lái)自于對(duì)中國(guó)煙草總公司的壟斷所有權(quán)。

In New York, recent antismoking ads in English and Spanish have been much grimmer, showing people dying in misery or with amputated fingers.

最近，紐約的英語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)禁煙廣告已變得更加令人生畏，展示了死于痛苦或手指截肢的人們。

“The health department did focus groups and decided to start with a slightly softer approach,” Ms. Lee said. “No one knows how the community will react.”

“衛(wèi)生部門進(jìn)行了焦點(diǎn)會(huì)談并決定用比較柔和的方法著手，”李鳳儀說(shuō)。“沒人知道社區(qū)會(huì)如何反應(yīng)。”