Children in France will start school at the age of three instead of six, under new reforms announced by President Emmanuel Macron.
法國(guó)總統(tǒng)馬克龍宣布最新改革舉措,法國(guó)兒童的入學(xué)年齡將從6歲降至3歲。
The change will give France one of the lowest compulsory school starting ages in Europe.
此舉將使法國(guó)成為歐洲義務(wù)教育入學(xué)年齡最低的國(guó)家之一。
But it will only affect a small number of children, as the majority of French families already choose to send their children to school at three.
不過(guò),這項(xiàng)改革將僅僅影響少數(shù)兒童,因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)法國(guó)家庭的孩子都已經(jīng)在3歲時(shí)入學(xué)了。
Only 2.4% of children are not enrolled at that age, government figures show.
據(jù)政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù),僅有2.4%的兒童在3歲時(shí)沒(méi)有入學(xué)。
Mr Macron said the change was intended to reduce inequality in education, as parents in poorer areas of France and in overseas territories are less likely to send their children to school at an early age.
馬克龍表示,這項(xiàng)改革旨在減少教育不平等現(xiàn)象,因?yàn)樯钤谳^貧困地區(qū)和海外領(lǐng)地的父母不太可能讓孩子較早入學(xué)。
In Paris, 93% of three-year-olds are enrolled but the figure is much lower in some overseas territories, according to Le Monde.
據(jù)《法國(guó)世界報(bào)》報(bào)道,巴黎93%的3歲兒童入學(xué)讀書(shū),但在一些海外領(lǐng)地,這一比例要低得多。
"I hope that with this obligation, from the start of the school year in 2019, we can... correct this unacceptable differential," Mr Macron told a conference on Tuesday.
馬克龍?jiān)谥芏臅?huì)議上說(shuō):“我希望有了這項(xiàng)義務(wù)教育政策之后,從明年的學(xué)年開(kāi)始,我們能夠糾正這種不可接受的教育差異。”
He hailed the change as "a founding moment in the French education system".
他稱(chēng)這項(xiàng)改革為“法國(guó)教育體系的奠基時(shí)刻”。
There is much debate about when children should begin formal education.
關(guān)于兒童應(yīng)何時(shí)開(kāi)始接受正規(guī)教育有諸多爭(zhēng)議。
A study published in 2015 found that children who started school later were less likely to be inattentive or hyperactive in class.
2015年發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明,較晚上學(xué)的兒童在課堂上注意力不集中和多動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象會(huì)少一些。
Finland, Poland and Estonia - three of Europe's most academically successful countries - have a school starting age of seven.
芬蘭、波蘭和愛(ài)沙尼亞是歐洲三個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)上最有成就的國(guó)家,這三個(gè)國(guó)家的兒童都是7歲入學(xué)。
But children in those countries have usually been in a nursery, where they have been learning through play and games. Class sizes are also generally smaller.
但這些國(guó)家的兒童之前都會(huì)上幼兒園,在那里他們通過(guò)玩耍和游戲?qū)W習(xí)。班級(jí)規(guī)模一般也更小。
歐洲國(guó)家和地區(qū)兒童入學(xué)年齡:
4歲:北愛(ài)爾蘭
5歲:塞浦路斯、英格蘭、馬耳他、蘇格蘭、威爾士
6歲:奧地利、比利時(shí)、克羅地亞、捷克共和國(guó)、丹麥、德國(guó)、希臘、匈牙利、冰島、愛(ài)爾蘭共和國(guó)、意大利、列支敦士登、盧森堡、荷蘭、挪威、葡萄牙、羅馬尼亞、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亞、西班牙、瑞士、土耳其
7歲:保加利亞、愛(ài)沙尼亞、芬蘭、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、波蘭、塞爾維亞
再來(lái)看看其他國(guó)家對(duì)兒童入學(xué)年齡都是怎么規(guī)定的:
美國(guó):每個(gè)州的入學(xué)規(guī)定不同,但是大部分的州政府規(guī)定入學(xué)年齡為五歲(五歲起可以上學(xué)前班,六歲開(kāi)始上一年級(jí))。
澳大利亞:每個(gè)州對(duì)入學(xué)日期的限制不同。雖然有最早入學(xué)的界限,但是有相當(dāng)一部分的家長(zhǎng)會(huì)選擇盡量延遲孩子入學(xué)時(shí)間。入學(xué)年齡從4歲到7歲,平均入學(xué)年齡是5.2歲。
加拿大:男女生的入學(xué)年齡是一樣的,5歲的時(shí)候就可以進(jìn)入公立學(xué)校讀書(shū)了。
日本:與我國(guó)類(lèi)似,日本也是6周歲開(kāi)始上小學(xué)。
韓國(guó):父母可以根據(jù)孩子的能力來(lái)確定上學(xué)的年齡。按照中小學(xué)教育法的規(guī)定,凡是年滿(mǎn)6周歲的兒童便可入學(xué),但是6歲入學(xué)不是強(qiáng)制性的。
新西蘭:小學(xué)入學(xué)年齡是5歲。