世界首例體細(xì)胞克隆猴在中國(guó)誕生

China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, reducing the need to breed lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for new drugs, scientists said on Thursday.

科學(xué)家們周四稱，中國(guó)成為首個(gè)使用非生殖細(xì)胞克隆猴的國(guó)家，這將減少培育實(shí)驗(yàn)用猴的需要，為更精確有效、經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的動(dòng)物新藥測(cè)試打下基礎(chǔ)。

By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques named "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua" by nuclear transferring of somatic cells -- any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.

截至去年12月，中國(guó)科學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所通過(guò)體細(xì)胞(生物體中的非生殖細(xì)胞)的細(xì)胞核移植，成功培育出兩只克隆獼猴，起名“中中”和“華華”。這與1996年培育出克隆綿羊“多利”的技術(shù)十分相似。

Tetra, a rhesus monkey born in 1999, is the world`s first ever-cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting, but it could only generate four cloned offspring at a time and cannot be genetically modified to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the director of Institute of Neuroscience, CAS.

誕生于1999年的恒河猴Tetra是世界上首只克隆猴，當(dāng)時(shí)使用的是胚胎分裂技術(shù)這種更簡(jiǎn)單的方法，但一次只能克隆出四個(gè)克隆體，且無(wú)法進(jìn)行基因編輯以滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)需求，中科院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所所長(zhǎng)蒲慕明院士表示。

"Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate that shares its genetic makeup, therefore all of its complexity, with humans," he said.

“使用體細(xì)胞克隆猴子是一個(gè)世界性難題，因?yàn)楹镒幼鳛殪`長(zhǎng)類，和人類有著同樣復(fù)雜的基因組成，”他說(shuō)道。

"For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes," Pu said.

“對(duì)于藥物和其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)而言，科學(xué)家們需要從全球各地購(gòu)買猴子，不光成本高昂，不利于環(huán)境，而且實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果也并不準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)槊恐缓镒涌赡芏紟в胁煌幕颍?rdquo;蒲慕明表示。

"By cloning monkey using somatic cells, we can mass cultivate large number of genetically identical offspring in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs," he added. "This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine."

“通過(guò)體細(xì)胞克隆猴子，我們可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)培育大量基因相同的猴子，甚至根據(jù)需求編輯基因，”他補(bǔ)充道。“這可以節(jié)省時(shí)間，減少實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)支，提供更準(zhǔn)確的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，從而帶來(lái)更有效的新藥。”

Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.

中科院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所非人靈長(zhǎng)類研究平臺(tái)主任孫強(qiáng)表示，目前大多數(shù)藥物試驗(yàn)是采用實(shí)驗(yàn)室小鼠完成的。但由于小鼠和人類相差太遠(yuǎn)，在小鼠身上有效的藥物或許對(duì)人類不起作用，甚至還具有嚴(yán)重的副作用。

"Monkeys and Humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on Monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans," he said. This is especially useful in testing drugs for neural diseases such as Parkinson`s disease, metabolic and immune system disease, and tumor, he added.

“猴子和人類同屬靈長(zhǎng)類，因此兩者之間非常相近，而在猴子身上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)被認(rèn)為和人體試驗(yàn)一樣有效，”他表示。這對(duì)于測(cè)試帕金森氏病、代謝與免疫系統(tǒng)疾病以及腫瘤等神經(jīng)疾病的藥物尤其有用，他補(bǔ)充道。

"This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science projects related to neural mapping of primate brains," he said. However, bio labs from the United States, Japan, and European countries are also very capable, and they will quickly catch up to China after the monkey cloning technology is made public, Sun added.

“這項(xiàng)成就將令我國(guó)在‘靈長(zhǎng)類全腦圖譜計(jì)劃’國(guó)際科學(xué)項(xiàng)目中處于領(lǐng)跑地位，”他表示。然而，美國(guó)、日本以及歐洲國(guó)家的生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室也很有能力，在克隆猴技術(shù)公諸于眾后很快就會(huì)趕超上來(lái)，孫強(qiáng)補(bǔ)充道。

"This means we have to innovate continuously and work extra harder this year to stay ahead," he said.

“這意味著我們今年需要不斷創(chuàng)新，更加努力，才能保持領(lǐng)先地位，”他表示。