朗格多克葡萄酒：性價(jià)比很高
時(shí)間回到1989年，那時(shí)候法國法郎還不那么值錢，(現(xiàn)在還有人記得這種貨幣么?)一波比瑞安航空(Ryanair)還要早的英國浪漫主義者(British romantics)來了一場深度法國(la France profonde)探尋——我們出手在朗格多克(Languedoc)購買了一屋半宅——盡管勃艮第(Burgundy, Bourgogne)的一個(gè)小村莊讓我意識(shí)到英國的鄉(xiāng)野在法國的鄉(xiāng)野面前簡直是小巫見大巫，不過在這么重要的葡萄酒產(chǎn)區(qū)有個(gè)度假屋會(huì)讓我很焦慮。
Back then, Languedoc and Roussillon, its Catalan neighbour to the south-west, were producing wines that seemed centuries less evolved than the great wines of France. I liked the idea that an array of styles was available in the region, but felt safe from feeling I ought to be spending my precious summer weeks of R&R visiting wine domaines.
那時(shí)候，勃艮第西南部有一個(gè)貌似比法國偉大葡萄酒產(chǎn)區(qū)落后一百年的葡萄酒產(chǎn)區(qū)，也就是講加泰羅尼亞語的朗格多克和魯西榮(Roussillon)。這里擁有多種多樣的葡萄酒。我承認(rèn)這很棒，但是一想到要把珍貴的夏季養(yǎng)生休假時(shí)光耗費(fèi)在拜訪酒莊上，又覺得有些舍不得。
When we arrived, grapes were virtually the only crop grown in Languedoc and it was their produce that largely filled the notorious EU wine lake with thin, characterless red that no one wanted to drink. Successive schemes were put in place to drain this lake and transform the landscape so that vines on the least propitious (flat and fertile) land were grubbed up. This left a more significant proportion growing in more promising sites at higher elevations, on slopes and on poorer soils so that yields were naturally lower and the resulting wine more interesting and concentrated. Only a small proportion of the vines that used to surround our house remain.
我們?nèi)ダ矢穸嗫说臅r(shí)候，葡萄真是漫山遍野的唯一種植物，這些葡萄也正是填滿名聲不佳的所謂歐洲酒湖(EU wine lake)的主要來源，誰都不愿意去喝這些單薄而且也沒有特色的紅葡萄酒。為了降低酒湖的量，歐盟實(shí)施了連續(xù)多年的葡萄樹拔除計(jì)劃，這里的景色也有了很大的變化——最不適合種植葡萄的地方(也就是地勢平坦而且土壤肥沃的區(qū)域)的葡萄植株被連根拔掉。這樣做造成的結(jié)果就是那些海拔較高且土壤比較貧瘠的坡地結(jié)出的果實(shí)占了整體產(chǎn)量中的更高比例，而這些地段的自然條件決定了它們的單位產(chǎn)量本身就比較低，果實(shí)的品質(zhì)當(dāng)然更高，釀造的葡萄酒更加吸引人，更加濃郁。現(xiàn)在放眼一看，我們房子周圍的葡萄樹也被拔除得所剩無幾了。
I am ashamed to say that my visits to Languedoc wine producers are still rare. That is because I treasure the contrast between my weeks with family and friends at the house and my busy travelling schedule the rest of the year. But it isn’t because the wines are not worthy of attention.
很慚愧地講，我拜訪朗格多克葡萄酒廠的次數(shù)依然寥寥無幾，這是因?yàn)槊磕昶Ｓ诜泵Τ霾畹奈?，特別珍惜與親友團(tuán)聚的時(shí)光。當(dāng)然這并不是說朗格多克的葡萄酒不值得引起我的關(guān)注。
This summer I was struck by just how much great wine is being produced here (white and pink as well as red), and what wonderful bargains most are. And I was thrilled to see continued proof of the excitingly tense dry whites that can be grown on higher ground in Roussillon. These wines are so full of individuality, encompassing a range of terrains, grape varieties and winemaking methods, that I could not help comparing them with the narrower range of flavours available from, say, Bordeaux and Burgundy — whose wines are generally much more expensive (although some cult Languedoc wines, such as Grange des Pères and Peyre Rose, are exceptions).
這個(gè)夏天，我被朗格多克徹底征服：這里能夠釀造出如此多的佳釀(無論白葡萄酒、桃紅葡萄酒還是紅葡萄酒都是如此)，而且它們中的絕大多數(shù)都物美價(jià)廉。不僅如此，在魯西榮高海拔地區(qū)葡萄園產(chǎn)出的干型白葡萄酒香氣緊實(shí)，其品質(zhì)之高之穩(wěn)定也讓我著實(shí)驚嘆。這些葡萄酒都非常有個(gè)性，包含了多種地形、葡萄品種和釀酒方法，讓我忍不住將其與風(fēng)格范圍略窄一些的產(chǎn)區(qū)來進(jìn)行一番比較，比如波爾多(Bordeaux)和勃艮第：這些產(chǎn)區(qū)的葡萄酒通常要貴得多。當(dāng)然了，有些朗格多克膜拜酒也不便宜，比如格蘭奇佩斯 (Grange des Pères)和佩爾玫瑰(Peyre Rose)。
I am not referring here to the international varietals, often from the larger, more commercial producers, that tend to carry the IGP Pays d’Oc appellation. Some of these are perfectly nice (and good value) but many are pretty dull.
我在這里指的并不是采用國際化葡萄品種、通常釀自規(guī)模更大更商業(yè)化的生產(chǎn)者、往往屬于奧克產(chǎn)區(qū)餐酒(IGP Pays d’Oc)的葡萄酒：除了少數(shù)很棒(也很有性價(jià)比)之外，它們大多都比較無趣。
It is perhaps significant that of the 28 wines chosen by a professional panel as this year’s collection of ambassador wines for the Pays d’Oc, half of them were white, with Chardonnay and Viognier being most common — 14 as opposed to 12 reds and two rosés.
專家組今年選擇了二十八款葡萄酒作為奧克地區(qū)(Pays d’Oc)精選代表，其中一半是以葡萄品種霞多麗(Chardonnay)和維歐尼(Viognier)居多的白葡萄酒，相對于這十四款白葡萄酒，紅葡萄酒占有十二席，桃紅葡萄酒占有兩席。可以說這是一個(gè)有意義的現(xiàn)象了。
Not long ago, Languedoc vineyards were dominated by the dark-skinned Carignan grape. Then there was a vogue for planting Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon — neither particularly suitable for the region. But now, as elsewhere, it is recognised that the traditional varieties work best. So reds tend to be blends of Grenache Noir, its “hairy-leaved” version Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvèdre, Cinsault and Carignan; whites are drawn from Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Clairette, Piquepoul, Maccabeu (Viura), Bourboulenc, Rolle (Vermentino), Roussanne, Marsanne and Viognier. These can have seriously individual flavours.
不久以前，朗格多克的葡萄園由皮色深濃的佳麗釀(Carignan)葡萄主宰，后來又流行起了長相思(Sauvignon Blanc)和赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)這兩個(gè)尤其不適合種植在當(dāng)?shù)氐钠贩N。不過現(xiàn)在，大家形成了一個(gè)放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的公認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)：還是傳統(tǒng)葡萄品種在這里表現(xiàn)最佳。所以紅葡萄酒最好的還是黑歌海娜(Grenache Noir)、有多毛葉子版本黑歌海娜之稱的拉多內(nèi)佩魯(Lladoner Pelut)、西拉(Syrah)、穆合懷特(Mourvèdre)、神索(Cinsault)和佳麗釀;白葡萄酒則來自白歌海娜(Grenache Blanc)、灰歌海娜(Grenache Gris)、克萊雷特(Clairette)、皮克普勒(Piquepoul)、馬卡貝奧(Maccabeu)(又叫做維歐拉(Viura)) 、布爾布朗克(Bourboulenc)、羅爾(Rolle)(又叫做維爾門蒂諾(Vermentino))、瑚珊(Roussanne)、瑪珊(Marsanne)和維歐尼。所有這些葡萄品種都有自己獨(dú)有的風(fēng)味特征。
The wines that excited me this year were made from a mix of local grapes, grown — organically and sometimes biodynamically — in individual conditions, by small, independent producers.
今年給我興奮感的葡萄酒來自一系列當(dāng)?shù)氐钠咸?，它們出自小型的?dú)立生產(chǎn)者之手，通過有機(jī)或生物動(dòng)力法進(jìn)行種植，風(fēng)土條件也各有不同。
Tom Hills created Domaine La Lauzeta only in 2015, but with notable success. He produces small amounts of wine in a cramped garage in the St-Chinian village of St-Nazaire de Ladarez, after years spent working as a sugar trader in Russia and the US and growing coffee in Nicaragua. He has identified some fine parcels of vines and enlisted the help of the excellent local consultant Claude Gros and winemaker Amélie Czerwenka. I was impressed by his Jauzimen rosé last year but the reds I tasted this year showed this was no flash in the pan.
湯姆•希爾斯(Tom Hills)在2015年才創(chuàng)立洛姿塔酒莊(Domaine La Lauzeta)，但已經(jīng)獲得了巨大的成功。從事了多年的俄美蔗糖貿(mào)易和尼加拉瓜的咖啡種植之后，他在位于圣納澤爾-拉達(dá)赫(St-Nazaire de Ladarez)地區(qū)圣-西尼昂(St-Chinian)村莊的狹小車庫里釀造了少量葡萄酒。他發(fā)掘了一些很好的地塊，獲得了當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)秀釀酒顧問克勞德•格羅(Claude Gros)和釀酒師艾美麗•切爾文卡(Amélie Czerwenka)的幫助。去年他釀造的桃紅葡萄酒若絲芒(Jauzimen)給我留下了深刻的印象，而今年的紅葡萄酒品嘗讓我確定這樣的成功不會(huì)是曇花一現(xiàn)。
Julien and Delphine Zernott arrived from the Loire in 2003 and have painstakingly renovated the cool, isolated terraced vineyards above Poujols that constitute their Domaine du Pas de l’Escalette, north of the Terrasses du Larzac, a rocky, windswept subregion of the Languedoc. They wisely ignored advice to pull out such indigenous grapes as Carignan Blanc and Terret Bourret and now find their nervy dry white blend particularly sought after by sommeliers.
2003年，朱利安(Julien)和德爾菲尼•澤爾諾(Delphine Zernott)從盧瓦爾(Loire)來到朗格多克，在多風(fēng)多石的拉赫扎克階地(Terrasses du Larzac)北邊，通過艱苦的努力，整治了普若爾(Poujols)上方氣候涼爽的階梯型葡萄園，使其成為了他們巴德埃斯卡萊特酒莊(Domaine du Pas de l’Escalette)的一部分。他們非常明智地沒有接受拔除白佳麗釀(Carignan Blanc)和特雷布雷(Terret Bourret)這樣的原生葡萄品種的建議，現(xiàn)在這些品種調(diào)配釀造的白葡萄酒非常令人興奮，成為了侍酒師眼中的香餑餑。
Domaine Sainte Marie des Crozes is run by Christelle Alias, whose father Bernard renovated the estate at the end of the last century. From hillside vineyards in the northern reaches of Corbières, on the Montagne d’Alaric, she produces a range of memorably named and packaged reds.
特里斯泰爾•阿里亞(Christelle Alias)運(yùn)營管理著父親貝納德(Bernard)在上個(gè)世紀(jì)末翻新的圣瑪麗莊園(Domaine Sainte Marie des Crozes)，她采用位于艾拉里克山(Montagne d’Alaric)的上科比埃(Corbières)產(chǎn)區(qū)北部山坡葡萄園的原料釀造了一系列名字和包裝都令人難以忘記的葡萄酒。
Brigitte Chevalier abandoned her career exporting bordeaux to establish Domaine de Cébène in the distinctive Faugères appellation in northern Languedoc. Like all these producers, she has been making differentiated, expressive wines with a real sense of place.
布里吉特•舍瓦里耶(Brigitte Chevalier)放棄了自己的波爾多葡萄酒出口生意，在朗格多克北部獨(dú)具特色的佛耶(Faugères)產(chǎn)區(qū)建立了塞比納酒莊(Domaine de Cébène)。與這些生產(chǎn)者一樣，她一直在釀造的是有真正地域特色、與眾不同且非常有表現(xiàn)性的葡萄酒。
I was lucky this year in being able to taste widely and pleasurably without venturing further than a few steps from the front door.
這一年能夠在不用出家門多少步的情況下嘗到這些不僅類型多樣而且還如此令人快樂的葡萄酒，實(shí)屬我的幸運(yùn)。
I benefited from the research of an old friend from Cumbria, ex-wine merchant Richard Neville, who happens to have settled with his wife not too many villages from us. For the past few years, he has volunteered to collect samples from up-and-coming producers for me and this year he excelled himself.
我從理查德•內(nèi)維爾(Richard Neville)那里受益很多，這位曾經(jīng)做過酒商的老朋友與他的妻子碰巧定居在離我只有幾個(gè)村子的地方。這些年來，他一直承擔(dān)著為我提供出自那些非常有進(jìn)取心的生產(chǎn)者之手的佳釀，從現(xiàn)在的情況看來，今年他又一次超越了自我。
Then there are consignments of bottles that just seemed to end up on my doorstep, usually delightfully out of the blue. Examples: wines from Domaine Paul Meunier-Centernach, based in the old St-Arnac co-op; and German-owned Domaine Courbissac in the wild hills above La Livinière, the first official sub-appellation within Minervois, which may be joined by Cazelles and Laure if their applications are successful.
現(xiàn)在還總有葡萄酒運(yùn)送到我的門前，而且時(shí)常讓我有驚喜，舉幾個(gè)例子吧：來自保羅莫尼爾酒莊(Domaine Paul Meunier-Centernach)的葡萄酒，這座莊園駐扎在古老的合作社圣阿納克(St-Arnac);還有德國人執(zhí)掌的庫比薩克酒莊(Domaine Courbissac)，位于利維涅(La Livinière)地區(qū)的上部山丘地帶,這是米內(nèi)瓦(Minervois)產(chǎn)區(qū)內(nèi)的第一個(gè)官方亞產(chǎn)區(qū)(sub-appellation)，卡則勒(Cazelles)和勞雷(Laure)這兩個(gè)地區(qū)如果也能申請成功的話，也會(huì)和它一樣。
Southern stars
法國南部的精品葡萄酒
Out of 104 wines tasted, I gave all the wines below a score of 17 out of 20, but I thought a further 27 were worth 16.5.
Whites
在品嘗到的104款葡萄酒中，我給下面這些打了以20為滿分的17分，不過我認(rèn)為還有27款能夠得到16.5分。
Les Clos Perdus L’Extrême 2016 IGP Côtes Catalanes 白葡萄酒
Dom Paul Meunier-Centernach 2015 Côtes du Roussillon
• 迷失酒莊的極限白葡萄酒(Les Clos Perdus L’Extrême)，加塔蘭丘地區(qū)餐酒(IGP Côtes Catalanes)，2016年份
Pas de l’Escalette, Les Clapas 2015 IGP Pays d’Hérault
• 保羅莫尼爾白葡萄酒(Dom Paul Meunier-Centernach)，魯西榮丘(Côtes du Roussillon)法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，2015年份
Reds • 巴德埃斯卡萊特酒莊的卡拉帕白葡萄酒(Pas de l’Escalette，Les Clapas)，埃羅地區(qū)餐酒(IGP Pays d’Hérault)，2015年份
Ch d’Agel, Grenu and Venustas 2015 Minervois 紅葡萄酒
Dom de Cébène, Belle Lurette and Les Bancèls 2015 Faugères
• 阿熱莊園的格紐和沃紐斯塔紅葡萄酒(Ch d’Agel, Grenu and Venustas)，米內(nèi)瓦法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，2015年份
Dom de Courbissac Roc du Pière and Roc Suzadou 2015 Minervois
• 塞比納酒莊的百樂呂赫特和邦塞勒紅葡萄酒(Dom de Cébène, Belle Lurette and Les Bancèls)，佛耶法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，2015年份
Gayda Chemin de Moscou 2014 IGP Pays d’Oc
• 庫比薩克酒莊的皮耶巖和蘇扎度巖紅葡萄酒(Dom de Courbissac Roc du Pière and Roc Suzadou)，米內(nèi)瓦法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，2015年份
Dom La Lauzeta, La Lauzeta 2015 St-Chinian Roquebrun
• 加易達(dá)酒莊的莫斯科之路紅葡萄酒(Gayda Chemin de Moscou)，奧克地區(qū)餐酒，2014年份
Mas de Daumas Gassac 2015 IGP Haute Vallée du Gassac
• 洛姿塔酒莊的洛姿塔紅葡萄酒(Dom La Lauzeta, La Lauzeta)，圣-西尼昂洛克布蘭(St-Chinian Roquebrun)法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，2015年份
Dom Paul Meunier-Centernach 2014 Côtes du Roussillon-Villages
• 瑪?shù)卢敿嗡_酒莊紅葡萄酒(Mas de Daumas Gassac)，加薩科上谷地區(qū)餐酒(IGP Haute Vallée du Gassac)，2015年份
Dom du Pas de L’Escalette, Grand Pas 2015 Languedoc, Terrasses du Larzac
• 保羅莫尼爾紅葡萄酒(Dom Paul Meunier-Centernach)，魯西榮丘村莊(Côtes du Roussillon-Villages)法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，2014年份
Dom Ste-Marie des Crozes Les Fugitives 2015 and Timéo 2012 Corbières
• 巴德埃斯卡萊特酒莊的格朗帕紅葡萄酒(Dom du Pas de L’Escalette, Grand Pas)，朗格多克，拉赫扎克階地法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，2015年份
See winesearcher.com for stockists and Purple Pages of JancisRobinson.com for tasting notes
• 圣瑪麗莊園的逃亡者和迪美歐紅葡萄酒(Dom Ste-Marie des Crozes Les Fugitives和Timéo)，科比埃法定產(chǎn)區(qū)，分別為2015年份和2012年份
Illustration by Leillo (可訪問winesearcher.com
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