法國(guó)女性對(duì)性騷擾宣戰(zhàn)

Since the Harvey Weinstein scandal erupted in the US, the country of Simone de Beauvoir has had its own, cruder version of the #MeToo campaign that has prompted women around the world to share personal experiences of sexual harassment on social media. “#Balancetonporc” — literally “rat out your pig” — has encouraged women to name and shame their harassers or attackers.

繼哈維•韋恩斯坦(Harvey Weinstein)丑聞在美國(guó)爆發(fā)后，西蒙娜•德•波伏娃(Simone de Beauvoir，20世紀(jì)法國(guó)作家、女權(quán)主義者——譯者注)的國(guó)家也有了自己初步的#MeToo(我也是)運(yùn)動(dòng)——一場(chǎng)鼓勵(lì)世界各地的女性在社交媒體上分享關(guān)于遭受性騷擾經(jīng)歷的運(yùn)動(dòng)。法國(guó)的“#Balancetonporc”(揭發(fā)那頭豬)運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)女性公布那些騷擾或侵犯她們的人的名字，讓這些人感到羞愧。

Aside from the flood of anonymous accounts suggesting widespread sexism and worse in French corporate life, the media, politics and the art world, a handful of public figures — including two MPs and a former interior minister under François Mitterrand — have been exposed and targeted by legal action. Most have denied the allegations. One MP has apologised.

大量匿名揭發(fā)似乎表明，性別歧視以及更惡劣的行為在法國(guó)商界、媒體、政壇和藝術(shù)界普遍存在。除此以外，還有少量公眾人物——包括兩名議員和弗朗索瓦•密特朗(François Mitterrand)執(zhí)政時(shí)期的一名前內(nèi)政部長(zhǎng)——被實(shí)名舉報(bào)，可能成為法律行動(dòng)的對(duì)象。多數(shù)人否認(rèn)這類(lèi)指控。一名議員作出了道歉。

The initiative was criticised for being too aggressive. Bernard-Henri Lévy, the intellectual, disliked the word “pig”. Perhaps more worryingly, prominent male members of Emmanuel Macron’s government have highlighted the big cultural challenge in France when it comes to treating the issue seriously — even after French women have come out in greater numbers against sexual misbehaviour in recent years.

有人批評(píng)該運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)于激進(jìn)。知識(shí)分子伯納德-亨利•列維(Bernard-Henri Lévy)不喜歡“豬”這個(gè)字。或許更令人擔(dān)憂的是，埃馬紐埃爾•馬克龍(Emmanuel Macron)政府男性要員們的言論突顯了在法國(guó)要嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待這一問(wèn)題的巨大文化挑戰(zhàn)——即使近年來(lái)越來(lái)越多的法國(guó)女性站出來(lái)反抗性騷擾。

Asked whether sexual harassers should be exposed, interior minister Gérard Collomb replied: “Yes, it depends”, adding that flirting and sexual harassment were two different things. Bruno Le Maire, France’s finance minister, said on the radio that he would never report a sexual harasser if he encountered one because “denunciation isn’t part of my political history”.

在被問(wèn)及是否應(yīng)該揭發(fā)性騷擾者時(shí)，內(nèi)政部長(zhǎng)熱拉爾•科隆(Gérard Collomb)回應(yīng)道：“應(yīng)該，要看情況，”并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，調(diào)情和性騷擾是兩回事。法國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)布盧諾•勒麥爾(Bruno Le Maire)在廣播節(jié)目中表示，如果他遇到一個(gè)性騷擾者，他不會(huì)舉報(bào)，因?yàn)?ldquo;我的政治生涯里沒(méi)有告發(fā)這一項(xiàng)。”

Within seconds, Mr Le Maire was reminded on social media that he had a legal obligation to report any harasser, and within a few hours, he posted a video to say he had “misspoken”. Mr Collomb, too, has since corrected his initial response. 幾秒鐘后就有人在社交媒體上提醒勒麥爾，他有法定義務(wù)去舉報(bào)任何騷擾者，而幾小時(shí)后他就發(fā)了一個(gè)視頻稱(chēng)自己“講錯(cuò)話”。科隆隨后也糾正了自己的初步回應(yīng)。

The blunders reveal the state of confusion in France over what counts as sexual harassment. A 2014 survey showed that three-quarters of French people were unable to differentiate between “seduction” and “harassment”.

政府官員的這些失言，揭示了法國(guó)人對(duì)性騷擾定義的困惑狀態(tài)。2014年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，四分之三的法國(guó)人無(wú)法區(qū)分“引誘”和“騷擾”。

This requires some mental work from women too — myself included. It took me more than a decade, and a public call last year from female colleagues for an end to pervasive misconduct in French politics, to realise that I, too, put up with inappropriate behaviour as a business journalist. I wrote a column detailing sexual advances, including from a top French banker and a finance ministry executive minutes after our first work meeting. For a long time I had treated those incidents lightly, as minor nuisances.

這意味著女性也需要深化認(rèn)識(shí)，包括我自己。我用了十幾年時(shí)間——以及去年我的女性同行們公開(kāi)號(hào)召終結(jié)法國(guó)政界普遍的不當(dāng)行為——才意識(shí)到，自己作為一名商業(yè)記者也在忍受不當(dāng)行為。我在一篇專(zhuān)欄文章中詳細(xì)敘述了自己被性騷擾的經(jīng)歷，包括被一名法國(guó)頂級(jí)銀行家和一名財(cái)政部官員性騷擾，而后者竟然是在我們首次因公會(huì)面的幾分鐘后動(dòng)手動(dòng)腳。很久以來(lái)，我都沒(méi)太重視這些經(jīng)歷，只當(dāng)是輕微的滋擾。

Growing up and working in France, I just assumed such acts were not so reprehensible. While my British and US colleagues were — rightly — shocked, I had been annoyed and learnt to shrug them off. Last week I took an online test on sexual harassment and assault. I got fewer than half the answers correct. Notably, I viewed a case that was deemed to be sexual assault from a legal point of view as harassment.

作為一個(gè)在法國(guó)長(zhǎng)大和工作的女性，我以前只是假設(shè)，此類(lèi)行為并不是那么應(yīng)該受到譴責(zé)。盡管我的英美同事對(duì)此感到震驚——他們是對(duì)的——但我在感到惱火的同時(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)了不把這些行為太當(dāng)一回事。上周我參加了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于性騷擾和性侵犯的在線測(cè)試，我答對(duì)的還不到一半。尤其應(yīng)該指出的是，我居然把一起從法律角度看屬于性侵犯的個(gè)案當(dāng)作騷擾。

I am evolving, and so is France, partly thanks to another member of Mr Macron’s government: Marlène Schiappa, the gender equality minister. The 34-year-old, who gained notoriety for her blog on working mothers, is preparing legislation against street harassment and has named and shamed companies that fail to promote women.

我的認(rèn)識(shí)在不斷深入，法國(guó)也如此，這在一定程度上要?dú)w功于馬克龍政府的另一名成員：性別平等部長(zhǎng)瑪琳•夏帕(Marlène Schiappa)。這名34歲的女性因?qū)懽髀殘?chǎng)媽媽的博文而聞名，她正準(zhǔn)備立法打擊街頭騷擾，她還點(diǎn)名批評(píng)了一些未能提拔女性的企業(yè)。

Last week, she announced an online campaign called “Let’s stop them!” with examples like the following: “He rubbed himself against a young girl on the bus. He is facing five years in prison and a €75,000 fine”; “He posted a photo of his ex-girlfriend naked on social media. He is facing 2 years in prison and a €60,000 fine.”

上周，她宣布了一場(chǎng)名為“讓我們制止他們!”的在線宣傳活動(dòng)，其列舉的案例包括：“他在公交車(chē)上磨蹭一個(gè)年輕女孩的身體，現(xiàn)在他面臨五年監(jiān)禁和7.5萬(wàn)歐元罰款”;“他在社交媒體上貼出前女友的裸照，現(xiàn)在他面臨兩年監(jiān)禁和6萬(wàn)歐元罰款。”

I watched Ms Schiappa outline her plans to MPs in the National Assembly, nearly half of whom are now, thanks to the political novices in Mr Macron’s party, women. A man shouted in the background. “Oh calm your nerves!” — she snapped, rolling her eyes with a smile. After her speech, the room erupted in applause. Her self-assured humour is the best defence, I thought. I wish I was given warnings and tips on how to combat sexism when I was growing up. Now French girls will be able to get them from women like Ms Schiappa.

我觀看了夏帕在國(guó)民議會(huì)上向議員們介紹她的計(jì)劃——感謝馬克龍政黨的政壇新人們，現(xiàn)在近半數(shù)議員是女性。一個(gè)男子在背后大聲喊：“你別那么神經(jīng)兮兮!”她頓了一下，帶著微笑翻了個(gè)白眼。她的發(fā)言結(jié)束后，議會(huì)大廳里響起了熱烈的掌聲。我認(rèn)為她的自信幽默是最好的防守。我希望在我成長(zhǎng)的歲月中，有人能警告和提示我如何反抗性別歧視。當(dāng)今這一代法國(guó)女孩可以從夏帕等女性那里得到這些提示。