China released on Tuesday an overall plan on the development and management of national parks, which calls for the strictest measures to protect the country's natural beauty and pass it on to generations to come.
9月26日,我國(guó)發(fā)布國(guó)家公園發(fā)展及管理總體方案,要求對(duì)自然生態(tài)進(jìn)行最嚴(yán)格的保護(hù),并世代傳承下去。
國(guó)家公園(national parks)是指由國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)設(shè)立并主導(dǎo)管理(authorized by the central government and implemented by government-led management),邊界清晰,以保護(hù)具有國(guó)家代表性的大面積自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為主要目的,實(shí)現(xiàn)自然資源科學(xué)保護(hù)和合理利用的特定陸地或海洋區(qū)域(set up in specific land, marine and ocean areas to achieve a combination of ecological protection and reasonable development)。
根據(jù)《建立國(guó)家公園體制總體方案》,到2020年,中國(guó)建立國(guó)家公園體制試點(diǎn)基本完成(finish pilot programs for establishing national parks),整合設(shè)立一批國(guó)家公園(set up a batch of national parks),分級(jí)統(tǒng)一的管理體制基本建立(establish a comprehensive management system),國(guó)家公園總體布局初步形成。到2030年,國(guó)家公園體制更加健全(the system will be further improved),分級(jí)統(tǒng)一的管理體制更加完善(the management will be more efficient),保護(hù)管理效能明顯提高。
方案明確,我國(guó)的國(guó)家公園體制以加強(qiáng)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)原真性、完整性保護(hù)(protect the authenticity and integrity of the natural ecosystem)為基礎(chǔ),以實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家所有、全民共享、世代傳承(owned by the State, shared by the people and passed on to future generations)為目標(biāo)。國(guó)家公園內(nèi)全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)(the ownership of natural resource assets in the national parks)由中央政府和省級(jí)政府分級(jí)行使,條件成熟時(shí),逐步過(guò)渡到由中央政府直接行使。
方案指出,國(guó)家公園是我國(guó)自然保護(hù)地最重要類型之一(one of the most important types of protected natural areas),屬于全國(guó)主體功能區(qū)規(guī)劃中的禁止開發(fā)區(qū)域(no construction or exploitation of resources is allowed inside national parks),納入全國(guó)生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線區(qū)域(ecological protection red line)管控范圍,實(shí)行最嚴(yán)格的保護(hù)。國(guó)家公園的首要功能是重要自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的原真性、完整性保護(hù),同時(shí)兼具科研(scientific researches)、教育(education)、游憩(recreation)等綜合功能。
到目前,我國(guó)已設(shè)立10個(gè)國(guó)家公園體制試點(diǎn)(pilot project of national park system),分別是三江源、東北虎豹、大熊貓、祁連山、湖北神農(nóng)架、福建武夷山、浙江錢江源、湖南南山、北京長(zhǎng)城和云南普達(dá)措國(guó)家公園體制試點(diǎn)。
相關(guān)詞匯
生態(tài)文明 ecological civilization
生態(tài)環(huán)境損害責(zé)任終身追究制 lifelong responsibility system for bioenvironment damage
生態(tài)補(bǔ)償 ecological compensation
自然資源有償使用 paid use for natural resources
生態(tài)保護(hù)區(qū) ecological reserve