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China has launched dispute settlement procedures at the World Trade Organization (WTO) by requesting consultations with the United States and the European Union (EU) regarding thesurrogate country approach when calculating anti-dumping measures against Chinese exports, the Ministry of Commerce said Monday.
商務(wù)部12月12日表示,中國(guó)已就美國(guó)和歐盟對(duì)華反傾銷“替代國(guó)”做法提出磋商請(qǐng)求,正式啟動(dòng)世貿(mào)組織爭(zhēng)端解決程序。
“替代國(guó)”做法(the surrogate country approach)指世貿(mào)組織成員國(guó)在計(jì)算反傾銷稅(anti-dumping duty)幅度時(shí),如果認(rèn)定商品的出口國(guó)為非市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家(non-market economy),則引用與出口國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平大致相當(dāng)?shù)牡谌绞袌?chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家,即替代國(guó)(surrogate country)的成本等數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算正常價(jià)值并進(jìn)而確定傾銷幅度,施以對(duì)應(yīng)的征稅措施。
【詞匯講解】
Surrogate的基本意思是“代理,代替”,可以用作名詞、形容詞和動(dòng)詞,是一個(gè)多功能詞匯,比如,這幾年多次引發(fā)公眾討論的“代孕媽媽”就是surrogate mother,口語(yǔ)中也可以簡(jiǎn)單用surrogate表示。代孕這個(gè)行為就是surrogacy,某地因?yàn)?ldquo;盛產(chǎn)”代孕媽媽而出現(xiàn)的“代孕旅游”熱潮就可以用surrogacy tourism表示。
In accordance with Article 15 of the accession protocol signed when China joined the WTO in 2001, the surrogate country approach expires on December 11, 2016.
2001年中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織簽訂的議定書第15條規(guī)定,“替代國(guó)”做法在2016年12月11日終止。
隨著15年期限的到來,其他世貿(mào)組織成員應(yīng)立即停止依據(jù)《中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織議定書》第15條在對(duì)華反傾銷調(diào)查中使用“替代國(guó)”做法,這是所有世貿(mào)組織成員必須履行的國(guó)際義務(wù)。但令人遺憾的是,美國(guó)、歐盟迄今沒有履行義務(wù)。
11月,美國(guó)商務(wù)部長(zhǎng)Penny Pritzker表示,美國(guó)承認(rèn)中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位(market economy status)的時(shí)機(jī)尚未成熟(the time is not ripe),暗示會(huì)繼續(xù)之前的反傾銷措施。
歐盟委員會(huì)(the European Commission)則為其反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼措施(anti-dumping and anti-subsidy calculations)提出一個(gè)新說法:市場(chǎng)扭曲(market distortion)。歐盟委員會(huì)表示,通常來說,涉及世貿(mào)組織成員的傾銷案中,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的參考值是國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格。不過,如果有影響國(guó)內(nèi)價(jià)格的“嚴(yán)重市場(chǎng)扭曲”,調(diào)查員可以使用國(guó)際基準(zhǔn)價(jià)格(international prices and cost reference)。
商務(wù)部部長(zhǎng)高虎城12月12日在《人民日?qǐng)?bào)》發(fā)表署名文章“堅(jiān)決捍衛(wèi)合法權(quán)利 維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制”。
他在文章中指出:
中國(guó)的合法權(quán)益必須得到維護(hù)。中國(guó)將保留采取進(jìn)一步措施的權(quán)利。
China's lawful rights must be protected. China will firmly defend its lawful rights and reserves the right of further action.
維護(hù)條約義務(wù)的嚴(yán)肅性,維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制的權(quán)威性,是世貿(mào)組織成員的共同義務(wù),也是各成員的共同利益。
Protecting the seriousness of rules and obligations, as well as the authority of the multilateral trade mechanism is a shared duty of all WTO members and is in line with their common interests.
中方敦促所有世貿(mào)組織成員,重信守諾,遵守國(guó)際法準(zhǔn)則,切實(shí)履行國(guó)際義務(wù)。
China urges all WTO members to keep their commitment, comply with international laws and fulfill their obligations.
中國(guó)愿意同其他世貿(mào)組織成員一道,共同反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義,堅(jiān)定維護(hù)多邊貿(mào)易體制,重振貿(mào)易和投資的引擎作用,共同構(gòu)建更有活力、更加包容、更可持續(xù)的開放型世界經(jīng)濟(jì)。
China is willing to work with other WTO members to fight trade protectionism, protect multilateral trade mechanism, revive trade and investment as world economic engines, and build an open global economy that is more dynamic, more inclusive and more sustainable.