China will appoint local government heads as river chiefs across the nation to clean up and protect its water resources, said guidelines published by Chinese central authorities Sunday.
中共中央發(fā)布的意見指出,我國要在全國范圍內(nèi)任命當(dāng)?shù)卣I(lǐng)導(dǎo)為“河長”,以清理和保護(hù)各地水資源。
Much as mayors and county heads are responsible for their beats, river chiefs will be responsible for the management and protection of the watercourses, according to a document forwarded by the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council.
中辦和國辦發(fā)布的文件指出,就像市長和縣長要為自己所管轄的地區(qū)負(fù)責(zé)一樣,河長也要為當(dāng)?shù)睾拥赖墓芾砗捅Wo(hù)負(fù)責(zé)。
“河長”(river chief)就是河流管護(hù)的第一責(zé)任人。在全面推廣的河長制責(zé)任體系中,各地將建立省、市、縣、鄉(xiāng)四級河長體系(government officials will be hired as river chiefs at provincial, city, county and township levels);各省(自治區(qū)、直轄市)設(shè)立總河長,由黨委或政府主要負(fù)責(zé)同志擔(dān)任(heads of provincial regions will be general chiefs that are responsible for all rivers and lakes in the region)。
各級河長的主要任務(wù)包括:加強(qiáng)水資源保護(hù)(resource protection);加強(qiáng)河湖水域岸線管理保護(hù)(shoreline management and protection);加強(qiáng)水污染防治(water pollution prevention and control);加強(qiáng)水環(huán)境治理(water environment management);加強(qiáng)水生態(tài)修復(fù)(ecological restoration);加強(qiáng)執(zhí)法監(jiān)管(law enforcement monitoring)。
【河長制的由來】
2007年5月,太湖藍(lán)藻大面積爆發(fā)(blue algae outbreak),水源惡化,市民搶購純凈水。河道久無清淤、企業(yè)違法排污、河道污染嚴(yán)重……
當(dāng)年8月,無錫市印發(fā)《無錫市河(湖、庫、蕩、氿)斷面水質(zhì)控制目標(biāo)及考核辦法(試行)》,將河流斷面水質(zhì)檢測結(jié)果(water quality test results of the river cross section)納入各市縣區(qū)黨政主要負(fù)責(zé)人政績考核內(nèi)容,各市縣區(qū)不按期報(bào)告或拒報(bào)、謊報(bào)水質(zhì)檢測結(jié)果的,按有關(guān)規(guī)定追究責(zé)任。
2008年6月,江蘇在太湖流域推廣“河長制”:每條河由省市兩級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)共同擔(dān)任“河長”。各級黨政主要負(fù)責(zé)人是河流管護(hù)第一責(zé)任人。效果立竿見影。太湖主要入湖河流之一的太滆南運(yùn)河長期受污染問題困擾。江蘇省和宜興市兩級“河長”實(shí)地督查污染源、排污口,河流水質(zhì),沿河生態(tài)得到較大恢復(fù)。2011年至2016年,79個“河長制”管理斷面水質(zhì)綜合判定達(dá)標(biāo)率基本維持在70%以上。
此后,北到松花江流域,南至滇池,“河長制”走向全國。北京、天津、江蘇、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、海南8省市全境推行“河長制”,16個省區(qū)市部分實(shí)行“河長制”。