安倍：沒有美國參與，TPP將“毫無意義”
日本首相安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)表示，沒有美國的參與，《跨太平洋伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定》(TPP)將“毫無意義”。與此同時，對于美國新當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)周一做出的美國將退出TPP的承諾，TPP各成員國以擔(dān)憂和沮喪的情緒做出了回應(yīng)。
The Japanese prime minister’s comments pour cold water on proposals for the other eleven members of TPP to go ahead without the US, leaving the field clear for China to forge an alternative trade pact in the Asia-Pacific region.
對于由TPP其他11個成員國在美國缺席情況下繼續(xù)推進(jìn)該協(xié)議的提議，安倍上述言論算是潑了瓢冷水，這也為中國在亞太區(qū)打造替代貿(mào)易協(xié)議掃清了障礙。
But comments by Mr Abe and fellow leaders such as Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull suggest they have not yet given up on TPP, either viewing Mr Trump’s move as a negotiating ploy or hoping he will come around with time.
不過，在安倍及澳大利亞總理馬爾科姆·特恩布爾(Malcolm Turnbull)等其他TPP成員國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的言談中，要么認(rèn)為特朗普此舉是一種談判策略，要么希望他隨著時間的演變會改變主意。這些言論意味著他們?nèi)晕捶艞塗PP。
Speaking at a press conference in Buenos Aires, Mr Abe declared that renegotiating an 11-member TPP was impossible. He argued that US absence “destroys the basic balance of gains” from the deal.
在布宜諾斯艾利斯的一個新聞發(fā)布會上，安倍宣稱再磋商出一個只包括11個成員國的TPP是不可能的。他聲稱，美國的缺席“破壞了(該協(xié)議)基本的獲益平衡”。
But he also said: “At the meeting of TPP leaders, all the participating countries once again shared their determination to complete this challenge.” Leaders of the 12 TPP countries had met at the Asia-Pacific summit in Peru before Mr Trump’s statement.
不過他還表示：“在TPP成員國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的會議上，所有參與國家再次分享了克服這一挑戰(zhàn)的決心。”在特朗普發(fā)表聲明之前，12個TPP成員國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人已在秘魯?shù)膩喬鍟弦娺^面。
The US president-elect set out his intention on Monday in a video previewing his first day in office. “I am going to issue our notification of intent to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a potential disaster for our country,” he said. “Instead, we will negotiate fair, bilateral trade deals that bring jobs and industry back on to American shores.”
特朗普在一段視頻中簡要描述了他1月20日上任后將采取的措施。這位新當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)表示：“該協(xié)議可能會成為我們國家的一大災(zāi)難。我會就我們打算退出TPP的意愿發(fā)出通知。相反，我們將開展磋商的，是能夠讓工作崗位和產(chǎn)業(yè)重新登陸美國的、公平的雙邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議。”
Mr Turnbull has said he hopes Mr Trump will have a change of heart. Mr Abe met Mr Trump last week but it is not known whether the two men discussed the trade deal.
特恩布爾曾表示，他希望特朗普會改變主意。安倍上周曾與特朗普會晤，不過目前仍不清楚兩人是否曾討論過這一貿(mào)易協(xié)議。
John Key, New Zealand prime minister, said he was disappointed but not surprised by Mr Trump’s decision, given the depth of opposition to the TPP during the US election campaign.
新西蘭總理約翰•基(John Key)表示，考慮到TPP在美國大選期間遭遇的深切反對，他對特朗普的決定雖感到失望，卻并不意外。
“The US isn’t an island, it can’t just sit there and say it’s not going to trade with the rest of the world,” he said. “At some point the US would want to think about how it accesses those very fast-growing markets in Asia, and what role it wants to have in Asia.”
他說：“美國并不是個小島，它不能往那一坐就說不會和世界其他地方貿(mào)易了?？傆幸豢?，美國會想要考慮如何進(jìn)入亞洲那些增長非常迅速的市場，以及它希望在亞洲扮演什么角色。”
New Zealand and Australia, both members of the “five eyes” intelligence alliance with the US, Britain and Canada, are strong proponents of the TPP. However, they have signaled they could support a rival push for a Free Trade Agreement of the Asia-Pacific, which is led by China.
新西蘭和澳大利亞都是與美國、英國及加拿大并稱為“五眼”(five eye)情報同盟的成員國，兩個國家都是TPP的強烈支持者。不過，它們已釋放信號稱，它們可能會支持中國主導(dǎo)的對手協(xié)議——亞太自由貿(mào)易區(qū)(FTAAP)。
On Monday Wellington and Beijing announced they would start talks on upgrading their existing trade agreement in 2017. In 2008 New Zealand became the first western nation to enter a trade agreement with China, a deal that provided significant opportunities for its dairy industry.
周一，新西蘭政府和中國政府宣布，它們或在2017年啟動有關(guān)升級現(xiàn)有貿(mào)易協(xié)議的磋商。2008年，新西蘭成為與中國簽訂貿(mào)易協(xié)議的首個西方國家，該協(xié)議為該國乳品產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)造了極大機(jī)遇。
The TPP, an extensive trade deal covering 40 per cent of the global economy, took roughly a decade to negotiate. Its members are Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the US and Vietnam. Mr Trump railed against it throughout his presidential campaign.
TPP協(xié)議是一個涵蓋全球經(jīng)濟(jì)40%的大面積貿(mào)易協(xié)議，該協(xié)議的磋商用了差不多十年。協(xié)議的成員國包括澳大利亞、文萊、加拿大、智利、日本、馬來西亞、墨西哥、新西蘭、秘魯、新加坡、美國和越南。特朗普曾在整個競選期間抨擊該協(xié)議。
Widely regarded as a cornerstone of Barack Obama’s “pivot to Asia”, the TPP was supposed to define trading standards for the region, putting pressure on other nations to play by US rules. China is pushing a rival Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership instead.
TPP被廣泛視為巴拉克•奧巴馬(Barack Obama)“轉(zhuǎn)向亞洲”(pivot to Asia)戰(zhàn)略的里程碑，它原本旨在為亞太區(qū)制定游戲規(guī)則，向其他國家施加壓力，迫使它們遵照美國的規(guī)則辦事。與此相反，中國正在推進(jìn)一個名為區(qū)域全面經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定(RCEP)的對手協(xié)議。
“China’s a big winner here. The US is not only losing economic but also political leverage in Asia from withdrawing from the TPP,” said Frederic Neumann, head of Asian economic research at HSBC in Hong Kong. “China can now use its vast internal market as a bargaining chip and bring other economies closer into its orbit.”
香港匯豐銀行(HSBC)亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)研究部門主管范力民(Frederic Neumann)表示：“中國是最大贏家。退出TPP，美國不僅會失去在亞洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)抓手，還會失去政治上的抓手。如今，中國可以把巨大的國內(nèi)市場作為籌碼，讓其他經(jīng)濟(jì)體靠攏其軌道。”
“It’s a watershed moment, not necessarily for the better for world trade. It means greater regionalisation for these economies. American companies will be at a loss, finding they have reduced market access,” he said. “Vietnam, Malaysia, and Japan will be the losers from the collapse of TPP.”
“這是個分水嶺，不過它對全球貿(mào)易不一定是好事。它意味著這些經(jīng)濟(jì)體變得更加地區(qū)化。美國企業(yè)會遭遇損失，它們會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們可進(jìn)入的市場減少了。”他說，“越南、馬來西亞和日本會成為TPP失敗的輸家。”
Japanese business leaders have been counting on TPP to provide a boost to the country’s sluggish economy. Mitsuru Homma, chairman and chief executive of Apple supplier Japan Display, expressed his concern at TPP’s demise. “I think the global market has to be free trade,” he said.
日本商界領(lǐng)袖一直指望TPP能提振日本疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)。蘋果(Apple)供應(yīng)商日本顯示器公司(Japan Display)董事長兼首席執(zhí)行官本間充(Mitsuru Homma)表達(dá)了對TPP失敗的擔(dān)憂。他說：“我認(rèn)為全球市場必須實行自由貿(mào)易。”
Higher tariffs for importers would raise costs across the board, he added, noting that American companies sourced many of their parts and products from China. “That’s where most of industry is concerned,” he said. “Even China. It’s not just myself.”
他還表示進(jìn)口國家提高關(guān)稅會提高商品跨越國境的成本，并指出美國企業(yè)將許多部件和產(chǎn)品外包給了中國。“這是業(yè)內(nèi)多數(shù)人擔(dān)憂之處。即便中國也是如此，并不僅僅是我自己這么說。”
Additional reporting by Jamie Smyth in Sydney, Louise Lucas and Kana Inagaki in Tokyo, and Yuan Yang in Beijing
杰米•史密斯(Jamie Smyth)悉尼、路易絲•盧卡斯(Louise Lucas)和Kana Inagaki東京、楊緣北京補充報道
