美國國會委員會建議“封殺”中國國企收購

Congress should exercise greater scrutiny over trade and investment practices between the United States and China in order to prevent China from taking advantage of the economic relationship, a congressional commission said in a report released on Wednesday.

美國國會的一個委員會周三發(fā)布一份報告說，國會應該對美中之間的貿(mào)易和投資進行更嚴格的審查，以防止中國在兩國經(jīng)濟關系上占便宜。

In its long list of recommendations, the commission advised Congress to authorize a government panel that reviews foreign takeover deals to bar Chinese state-owned companies from acquiring or gaining “effective control” of American companies. It also said Congress should ask a government watchdog agency to write a report on whether large-scale outsourcing of manufacturing to China “is leading to the hollowing out of the defense industrial base.”

該委員會提出了許多建議，包括建議國會成立一個政府小組，專門審查外國的收購交易，以阻止中國國有企業(yè)收購美國公司，或獲得美國公司的“有效控制權”。該委員會還說，國會應該要求一家政府監(jiān)督機構，就制造業(yè)大規(guī)模外包到中國“是否導致國防工業(yè)基地被掏空”的問題起草一份報告。

The commission also suggested ways in which Congress could better bring antidumping cases against China. 該委員會還向國會建議了能更好地對中國提出反傾銷訴訟的辦法。

Each year, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission releases a report to Congress with recommendations based on months of research. The commission aims to make suggestions after examining trade, investment and national security issues between the two nations. Its recommendations are not binding.

美中經(jīng)濟和安全審查委員會每年向國會提交一份報告，在幾個月研究的基礎上向國會提建議。該委員會的目的是在審查了兩國之間的貿(mào)易、投資和國家安全問題后，提出有關建議。其建議沒有法律約束力。

The report this year took a critical look at the free-trade relationship between the United States and China — for example, implying that the countries are not competing on a level playing field. It follows a populist airing of grievances over the downsides of free trade and a globalized economy in Western nations this year. That helped lead to the election last week of Donald J. Trump as the next United States president and to the vote by Britons in June to leave the European Union.

今年的報告對美中之間的自由貿(mào)易關系進行了批判性地審查，比如，報告暗示兩國展開競爭的環(huán)境不公平。報告的內容，與西方國家今年對自由貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟全球化的負面影響所表達出的民粹主義不滿情緒相吻合。這種不滿在上周的大選中幫助唐納德·J·特朗普當選了下任美國總統(tǒng)，也在今年6月讓英國人投票脫離歐盟。

China, in its recent public statements, has emphasized the tight economic ties between the two major trading partners and said the countries would benefit more from working together.

中國在最近的公開聲明中強調了中美這兩個主要貿(mào)易伙伴之間的密切經(jīng)濟關系，并表示，兩國將更多地從合作中受益。

During his campaign, Mr. Trump said he would bring manufacturing jobs back to Middle America and consider imposing a 45 percent tariff on Chinese exports, as well as labeling China a currency manipulator. Some economists have said a trade war with China would harm the United States economy and lead to a recession.

特朗普在競選活動期間曾表示，他將讓美國的中產(chǎn)階層重新得到制造業(yè)的就業(yè)機會，并考慮對中國出口的產(chǎn)品征收45%的關稅，他還要給中國貼上貨幣操縱者的標簽。一些經(jīng)濟學家說，與中國打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將給美國經(jīng)濟帶來損害，有可能導致經(jīng)濟衰退。

In September, after prodding from some lawmakers, the Government Accountability Office, a watchdog agency, said that it would examine whether reviews of foreign purchases should include a stricter look at more types of foreign investments and be broadened to define more industries as important to the nation’s economy.

今年9月，在一些立法者的督促下，監(jiān)督機構美國政府問責局(Government Accountability Office)表示將展開調查，以決定對外國收購的審查是否應該更嚴格，包括對更多類型的外國投資進行更嚴格的審查，以及是否應該把更多的行業(yè)都作為美國經(jīng)濟重要的一部分。

The review process is done by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, or Cfius, which approves most of the foreign purchases that it examines. The report released Wednesday said it is that panel that Congress should authorize to reject purchases by Chinese state-owned enterprises. Such companies are the main drivers of China’s economy.

對收購的審查由美國外國投資委員會(簡稱CFIUS)進行，CFIUS對經(jīng)其審查的大部分外國交易予以批準。周三發(fā)布的報告說，國會應授權CFIUS拒絕中國國有企業(yè)的收購。這些企業(yè)是中國經(jīng)濟的主要動力。

The new report said Congress should also create an office in the International Trade Administration to identify and bring antidumping and countervailing duty cases. Countervailing duties are imposed on goods to offset the fact that the goods may have been made with the help of subsidies.

新報告說，國會還應在國際貿(mào)易管理局(International Trade Administration)下設立一個辦公室，以發(fā)現(xiàn)反傾銷和反補貼稅的案子，并進行起訴。反補貼稅指對可能是在補貼的幫助下制造的產(chǎn)品征收關稅，以抵消其得到的補貼。

Besides trade and investment, the report covers topics like security relations, China’s global footprint and the United States’ rebalancing to Asia. 該報告除了貿(mào)易與投資的內容外，還涵蓋其他主題，比如安全關系、中國的全球活動，以及美國向亞洲的重新平衡。

In one section, the authors criticize what they see as meager American government efforts to block intelligence collection by China. The Obama administration has expressed concern over what it sees as state-sponsored hacking from China in recent years.

報告的作者在其中一個部分批評了美國政府沒有完全努力去阻止來自中國的情報收集。奧巴馬政府已對此表示過關注。他們認為近年來中國黑客的襲擊，背后有政府的支持。

“The U.S. government response to the threat from Chinese intelligence collection has suffered from the lack of an integrated, coordinated effort within the U.S. intelligence community,” the report said.

報告說，“美國政府對來自中國情報收集的威脅所作出的反應很糟，原因是美國情報界缺乏一體化的、協(xié)調一致的努力。”

“The U.S. government’s efforts to counter Chinese intelligence collection operations have manifested largely as a series of espionage prosecutions rather than a strategic, whole-of-government response,” it added. “The Obama administration has taken steps to improve cybersecurity among U.S. government agencies and defense contractors, but these measures could mitigate, not eliminate, the significant cyber espionage threats to these organizations.”

“美國政府打擊中國情報收集的努力，主要表現(xiàn)為一系列的間諜起訴，而不是戰(zhàn)略性的、全政府的響應，”報告還說。“雖然奧巴馬政府已采取措施改進美國政府機構和國防承包商的網(wǎng)絡安全，但這些措施只能減輕、而不是消除這些機構所面臨的來自網(wǎng)絡間諜活動的重大威脅。”