歐美可能加大對(duì)中國(guó)鋼材抵制

Beijing is bracing for a US and European backlash against Chinese steel, as the rise of Donald Trump threatens to escalate overseas opposition to a domestic industry that accounts for half the world’s output.

中國(guó)正準(zhǔn)備迎接歐美對(duì)中國(guó)鋼鐵的反彈，唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)可能加劇海外對(duì)中國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)的抵制。中國(guó)占全球鋼鐵產(chǎn)出的一半。

China’s domestic steel consumption fell last year but exports have so far soaked up excess production, helping mills defy Beijing’s efforts to rein in surplus capacity. That export crutch could weaken as attitudes harden in other big steel-producing regions.

去年，中國(guó)鋼鐵消費(fèi)下滑，但出口迄今消化了過(guò)剩產(chǎn)量，幫助鋼廠頂住中國(guó)政府遏制過(guò)剩產(chǎn)能的努力。隨著其他鋼鐵生產(chǎn)大國(guó)的態(tài)度變得強(qiáng)硬起來(lái)，這種出口支撐可能會(huì)減弱。

In the US, President-elect Donald Trump campaigned on a platform of limiting Chinese imports, while the European steel industry has lobbied hard against granting China market economy status by December as stipulated in the terms of its 2001 entry to the World Trade Organization.

在美國(guó)，當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)特朗普的競(jìng)選平臺(tái)就是限制中國(guó)進(jìn)口，而歐洲鋼鐵行業(yè)一直大力游說(shuō)，反對(duì)在12月根據(jù)中國(guó)2001年加入世貿(mào)組織(WTO)的條款賦予中國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。

Over the weekend, China’s ministry of commerce protested after the EU closed in on a deal to impose punitive anti-dumping tariffs. “China has expressed great concerns and worries about the EU’s trade protectionist tendency over steel," the ministry said on Saturday, in a statement on its website.

周末，隨著歐盟(EU)接近達(dá)成對(duì)中國(guó)征收懲罰性反傾銷關(guān)稅的協(xié)議，中國(guó)商務(wù)部發(fā)出抗議。商務(wù)部上周六在其網(wǎng)站上的一份聲明中稱：“中方對(duì)歐盟近期在鋼鐵領(lǐng)域表現(xiàn)出的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義傾向表示高度關(guān)注和擔(dān)憂。”

“The European steel industry’s problems are due to weak economic growth, not because of competition with Chinese steel products,” it said, while calling for better communication and exchanges “to properly solve problems that the steel industry is facing”.

商務(wù)部稱：“歐洲鋼鐵困境的根源在于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)乏力，而非中國(guó)產(chǎn)品沖擊，”同時(shí)呼吁“加強(qiáng)與歐方的交流和溝通，妥善解決當(dāng)前鋼鐵產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問(wèn)題”。

Chinese steel exports for the first 10 months of the year rose about 1 per cent to 93m tonnes, and are likely this year to come close to last year’s record 112m tonnes. Asian countries account for well over half its exports.

今年頭10個(gè)月，中國(guó)鋼鐵出口增長(zhǎng)約1%，至9300萬(wàn)噸，今年可能會(huì)逼近去年1.12億噸的創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄水平。中國(guó)鋼鐵出口的一半以上流向亞洲國(guó)家。

This year China and the EU agreed on a bilateral ‘platform’ to track Chinese steel shipments, a model that some have indicated the US and China could also adopt. But big international steel producers also face a second, harder-to-fight threat from China’s overcapacity — Chinese shipments to developing regions including Africa and the Middle East erode those regions’ purchases from developed countries.

今年，中國(guó)和歐盟就追蹤中國(guó)鋼鐵出貨量的一個(gè)雙邊“平臺(tái)”達(dá)成一致，一些人指出，美國(guó)和中國(guó)可能也會(huì)采取這種模式。但大型國(guó)際鋼鐵制造商還面臨著中國(guó)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩帶來(lái)的第二種更難應(yīng)付的威脅，中國(guó)對(duì)非洲和中東等發(fā)展中地區(qū)的鋼鐵出貨量將侵蝕這些地區(qū)從發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的購(gòu)買量。

As for the US, Chinese editorials have warned Mr Trump against a trade war, although many officials believe he will prove a pragmatist once in office.

至于美國(guó)，中國(guó)媒體的社論一直警告特朗普不要發(fā)動(dòng)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，不過(guò)很多官員認(rèn)為，特朗普入主白宮后將變得務(wù)實(shí)。

“I don’t think he will launch a trade war. He’ll take into account all the interests, including the national interest,” said Li Xinchuang, head of the China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute. “The American steel industry is already very weak and lagging behind. There’s no point in protectionism because the US steel industry already doesn’t meet its own needs.”

“我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)發(fā)動(dòng)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。他會(huì)考慮各方利益，包括國(guó)家利益，”中國(guó)冶金工業(yè)規(guī)劃研究院(China Metallurgical Industry Planning and Research Institute)院長(zhǎng)李新創(chuàng)表示，“美國(guó)鋼鐵業(yè)已非常疲弱，而且落后。保護(hù)主義沒(méi)有任何意義，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)已無(wú)法滿足本國(guó)的需求。”