奧運(yùn)賽場(chǎng)的噓聲和倒彩

It was during the men’s 100m final on Aug 14 that US *sprinter Justin Gatlin, after stepping out into the stadium ready to race, was met by a song of cheers which quickly *cascaded into a chorus of *boos.

8月14日奧運(yùn)會(huì)男子百米短跑決賽的賽場(chǎng)上，當(dāng)美國(guó)選手賈斯汀•加特林出場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備比賽時(shí)，迎接他的歡呼很快就變成了陣陣噓聲。

The crowds at Rio evidently still haven’t forgiven Gatlin for his historical doping bans, but the US runner hasn’t been the only one subjected to the *wrath of the Brazilian booers at the 2016 Olympics.

顯然，里約的觀眾們還沒(méi)有原諒加特林曾因興奮劑遭到禁賽的往事，但在2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)上遭受巴西觀眾喝倒彩泄憤的人并不止加特林一人。

Earlier in the month, Egyptian Judoka Islam El Shehaby was also unceremoniously booed for refusing to shake hands with opponent Or Sasson after being defeated by the Israeli.

本月早些時(shí)候，埃及柔道運(yùn)動(dòng)員埃爾•謝哈比被以色列選奧爾•薩松打敗后，不愿意和對(duì)方握手。而此舉也遭到了一陣粗魯無(wú)禮的噓聲。

It seems that audience members at the 2016 Rio Olympics have been roundly criticized for their over-zealous jeering, which seems to be more commonplace than at previous Games, suggesting that the crowds in Brazil are perhaps a more “sprightly bunch” than in previous years.

2016年里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)的觀眾似乎因其過(guò)于熱烈的起哄而飽受批評(píng)，但這種起哄在往屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)中卻顯得稀松平常。這也表明了巴西的觀眾或許比往年更為活躍。

But although booing is not a staple of the Olympic crowd’s etiquette, it is by no means a recent phenomenon.

然而，盡管喝倒彩并不屬于奧運(yùn)會(huì)觀眾的基本禮儀，但它也絕非新生現(xiàn)象。

The first written record of mass *heckling comes from, of course, ancient Greece, according to website The BOO Birds.

據(jù)The BOO Birds網(wǎng)站報(bào)道，第一條群眾喝倒彩起哄的書(shū)面記錄，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，來(lái)源于希臘。

It says that during *gladiator fights, booing or cheering literally meant life or death to the *combatants–the crowds would cheer to keep you alive or boo to have you put out of your misery.

據(jù)稱(chēng)，在角斗士的對(duì)決中，歡呼或者是噓聲對(duì)于格斗者而言，的確意味著生與死——人們的歡呼聲能讓你保持活力，噓聲則將你拉入死亡，永遠(yuǎn)地結(jié)束掉痛苦。

The word “boo” didn’t make its written appearance until the 1800s however, where it was used to describe the sound that cattle make. It wasn’t until later that century that its use to describe the noise our friends in modern day Brazil enjoy making came into existence.

然而，“噓聲”(boo) 一詞直到19世紀(jì)才在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中首次出現(xiàn)，用于形容牛的叫聲。在19世紀(jì)后期，它才被用來(lái)形容如今巴西小伙伴們喜歡發(fā)出的噓聲。

Reasons for booing vary a lot throughout Olympic history. Some are merely trivial matters – according to a Time news report, at the 1936 Bavaria Winter Olympics, Italian hockey players “loudly booed *pugnacious US player Gordon Smith”, who accused an Italian player of knocking his glasses off – while others are more political.

在奧運(yùn)會(huì)歷史上，喝倒彩有著各種各樣的原因。其中一些僅僅是因?yàn)楝嵤?mdash;—據(jù)《泰晤士報(bào)》的一篇報(bào)道顯示，在1936年的巴伐利亞冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，意大利曲棍球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們大聲地向美國(guó)隊(duì)員戈登•史密斯發(fā)出噓聲，只因他指責(zé)一位意大利隊(duì)員將他的眼鏡撞掉了——而其他一些原因則更具有政治色彩。

At the 1973 Munich Olympics, the gold and silver medals for the men’s 400m dash were awarded to US runners Vincent Matthews and Wayne Collett – both African-Americans.

在1973年的慕尼黑奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，男子400米跑比賽的金銀牌得主分別是美國(guó)選手文森特•馬修和韋恩•科利特——兩人都是非裔美國(guó)人。

When the US national *anthem was played during the medal ceremony, they refused to face the flag and stood casually with their hands on their hips, instead of one hand on their chests, as tradition would dictate.

當(dāng)美國(guó)國(guó)歌在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上奏響時(shí)，他們拒絕面向國(guó)旗，并且站姿隨意，還將手放在屁股上，而不是依照傳統(tǒng)，將一只手放在胸前。

Although their intention was to draw attention to the poor treatment of African-Americans in their country at the time, this backfired and their *unbridled behavior drew loud boos from the crowd. “The IOC called it a ‘disgusting display’ and barred them,” wrote The New York Times.

盡管他們的目的是希望引起人們對(duì)于非裔美國(guó)人當(dāng)時(shí)所遭受的不公正對(duì)待的關(guān)注，然而卻適得其反，他們這種放肆的行為也引起了觀眾的一片噓聲。“奧組委稱(chēng)之為‘令人惡心的行為’并禁止他們出賽，”《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》寫(xiě)道。

Furthermore, during the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, Zola Budd, a South African-born British athlete, faced a barrage of boos from the audience of the women’s 3,000m final, after getting tangled up with US runner Mary Decker who then came crashing to the ground.

還有，在1984年洛杉磯夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)中，生于南非的英國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員左拉•巴德在女子3000米決賽中和美國(guó)選手瑪麗•德克爾撞在了一起，德克爾隨后摔倒在地。此舉也受到了在場(chǎng)觀眾的一連串噓聲。

But the underlying cause for the booing wasn’t her clumsiness – Budd had only applied for British citizenship earlier that year, since South Africa at the time was banned from participating in the Olympics due to its then-policy of *apartheid.

但噓聲背后的原因并不在于她的笨拙——巴德在那年的早些時(shí)候才申請(qǐng)了英國(guó)的公民身份，由于當(dāng)時(shí)南非奉行種族隔離政策，南非的體育團(tuán)體被禁止參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

“The switch was hugely controversial during the apartheid-era sporting boycott,” wrote The Guardian.

“在種族隔離時(shí)代的賽事抵制中，這樣的轉(zhuǎn)變十分具有爭(zhēng)議，”英國(guó)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》寫(xiě)道。

Despite the fact that booing to express displeasure during the Olympic Games is far from elegant, it seems that it’s been a feature of the games long before Brazil. Just as Time notes, “its presence by now shouldn’t be shocking.”

盡管在奧運(yùn)會(huì)賽場(chǎng)上發(fā)出噓聲以表示不滿的行為十分不雅，但這似乎早在巴西奧運(yùn)會(huì)之前便已成為奧運(yùn)會(huì)的一大特色。就像美國(guó)《時(shí)代周刊》指出的那樣，“現(xiàn)在它的出現(xiàn)不應(yīng)使人們感到驚訝。”