巴西在成堆的問(wèn)題中進(jìn)入奧運(yùn)倒計(jì)時(shí)

RIO DE JANEIRO — Brazil’s president is facingimpeachment. The country’s economy is in sharpdecline. Bodies of water that will be used forOlympic competitions are polluted, and global publichealth officials are trying to tamp down the Zikavirus epidemic.

里約熱內(nèi)盧――巴西總統(tǒng)面臨彈劾。這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)正在急劇衰退。將被用于奧林匹克競(jìng)賽的水體遭到污染，全球公共健康官員正在努力遏制茲卡病毒(Zika)的傳播。

With less than 100 days before the Olympic Gamescome to South America for the first time, Rio de Janeiro faces more than the usual challengesthat bedevil host cities, like delayed stadium construction and transportation concerns. (Riohas those, too.)

再過(guò)不到100天，奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)就要第一次來(lái)到南美洲?？鄲赖闹鬓k城市們通常都要面臨種種挑戰(zhàn)，比如場(chǎng)館建設(shè)延誤和交通問(wèn)題，但里約熱內(nèi)盧要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比這些要多(當(dāng)然，這些問(wèn)題里約也有)。

The mood here, however, is hardly one of panic. Officials in charge of executing the SummerGames say they feel insulated from Brazil’s turmoil at this late stage. The Olympics, after all,tend to exist in their own bubble, elaborately coordinated to ensure that the multibillion-dollaroperation goes off smoothly.

不過(guò)這里的情緒很難稱(chēng)得上是恐慌。負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的官員們說(shuō)，他們覺(jué)得，在最后這個(gè)階段，自己和巴西的動(dòng)蕩完全沒(méi)有關(guān)系。畢竟，奧運(yùn)會(huì)往往是存在于自己的小世界，組織者們努力協(xié)調(diào)，確保這場(chǎng)價(jià)值數(shù)以十億美元計(jì)的大型活動(dòng)能夠平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行。

“The machine is in place, and it’s relatively stable,” Ricardo Leyser, Brazil’s sports minister, saidin an interview this week. “My biggest concern isn’t any individual issue. It’s the smalldemands that all come at once.”

“機(jī)制已經(jīng)就位，而且相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，”巴西體育部長(zhǎng)里卡多·雷瑟(Ricardo Leyser)在本周接受采訪(fǎng)時(shí)說(shuō)。“我最大的擔(dān)心并不是某個(gè)具體的問(wèn)題，而是許多小的需求一下子全都冒出來(lái)。”

Local organizers are beginning to lay colorful comforters — patterned with the silhouettes ofcartoon cyclists, fencers and swimmers — on the twin beds in the athletes’ village. They aremonitoring the growth of 14-month-old grass that will be transplanted to Maracanã, the storiedsoccer stadium that will also be used for the opening and closing ceremonies. They are pullingtrash from Guanabara Bay, where the Games’ sailing events will be held; mopping up standingwater to minimize mosquito breeding; and ramping up a round-the-clock security operation —all while publicly expressing little worry about the unrest encircling them.

本地組織者們開(kāi)始給運(yùn)動(dòng)員村雙人間的床上鋪彩色被子，上面還繡著卡通自行車(chē)手、擊劍運(yùn)動(dòng)員和游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員的身影。他們監(jiān)控草皮的長(zhǎng)勢(shì)，這些草皮已經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)了14個(gè)月，將被移植到傳奇的馬拉卡納足球場(chǎng)，也就是奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)幕式和閉幕式的舉辦地。他們?cè)趭W運(yùn)會(huì)帆船場(chǎng)地瓜納巴拉灣清掃垃圾;清理死水，把蚊蟲(chóng)滋生減少到最低;加強(qiáng)全天候的安保——與此同時(shí)，他們很少對(duì)身邊的動(dòng)蕩公開(kāi)表示憂(yōu)慮。

On Wednesday, with the handoff of the Olympic flame in Greece and the start of a journey thatin little more than a week will bring it to Brazil, the official countdown to the Aug. 5 openingceremony began.

星期三，奧運(yùn)火炬交接在希臘舉行，經(jīng)過(guò)一周多的傳遞后將來(lái)到巴西，奧運(yùn)倒計(jì)時(shí)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，迎接8月5日的開(kāi)幕式。

In Rio, the race to be ready is intensifying, with construction workers here still laboring onmass transit projects that were key promises seven years ago in the city’s bid to host theGames. Costing several billion dollars, those projects include a new subway line and express buslanes that connect the Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca to the rest of the city, which is expectedto swell with more than half a million visitors.

在里約，奧運(yùn)籌備的賽跑已經(jīng)進(jìn)入白熱化階段，建筑工人們?nèi)栽诿τ谛藿ù笮徒煌?xiàng)目，它們是七年前這座城市申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)時(shí)作出的關(guān)鍵承諾。這些項(xiàng)目造價(jià)數(shù)十億美元，包括一條新的地鐵線(xiàn)路及若干快速公交路線(xiàn)，把位于巴拉·達(dá)蒂茹卡(Barra da Tijuca)的奧林匹克公園和里約的其他地方連接在一起，屆時(shí)，這里預(yù)計(jì)迎來(lái)超過(guò)50萬(wàn)的游客。

As the value of the Brazilian real has drastically declined over the last year, some haveexpressed doubt that the transit projects will materialize beyond the sleek, modernistweather shelters that have been built at various stations. At a news conference Wednesday,the city’s secretary of transportation said the new routes would be ready in time but did notspecify when.

因?yàn)槿ツ臧臀髫泿爬讈啝柤眲≠H值，一些人開(kāi)始懷疑：除了各車(chē)站已經(jīng)蓋好的那些漂亮的現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格風(fēng)雨棚，這些交通項(xiàng)目到底能不能完成。周三的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，里約交通事務(wù)秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)說(shuō)，新的線(xiàn)路將及時(shí)竣工，但他沒(méi)有給出具體時(shí)間。

To the vast majority of people watching the Games on television, however, such infrastructuremay not matter.

不過(guò)，對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)通過(guò)電視觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施可能無(wú)關(guān)緊要。

The permanent venues for competitions here are mostly complete — all but those for tennisand track cycling — and athletes from around the world have competed in dozens of test eventsin Rio in recent months. “It’s about the filling of the cake,” Mr. Leyser said. “It’s not about thestadiums; it’s about the scoreboards.”

除了網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)和田徑賽道，那些永久性競(jìng)賽場(chǎng)館已經(jīng)基本完工，最近幾個(gè)月來(lái)，世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員們已經(jīng)在里約參加了幾十項(xiàng)測(cè)試賽。“現(xiàn)在的工作就是給蛋糕裱花，”雷瑟說(shuō)，“主要的工作不在于場(chǎng)館，而在于計(jì)分牌。”

As of the latest counts, 62 percent of the 5.7 million tickets on the market had been sold —roughly half of the total tickets for the Olympics — and 24 percent of tickets available for theParalympics had been sold. But compared with past Olympics, the buyers of those tickets maybe disproportionately international, said Andrew Parsons, the president of the BrazilianParalympic Committee.

據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計(jì)，市面上的570萬(wàn)張門(mén)票已經(jīng)售出了62%，差不多相當(dāng)于這屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)全部門(mén)票的一半，在售的殘疾人奧運(yùn)會(huì)門(mén)票也已經(jīng)賣(mài)出了24%。但巴西殘奧委員會(huì)主席安德魯·帕森斯(Andrew Parsons)說(shuō)，和往屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)相比，本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)賽事門(mén)票國(guó)外購(gòu)買(mǎi)者的比例可能會(huì)非常高。

For some Brazilians, the country’s political and economic crises have cast a shadow on thecelebration. President Dilma Rousseff’s ouster looks increasingly likely amid a sweeping graftscandal, and those in line to succeed her have their own controversies hanging over them.

對(duì)于一些巴西人來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)國(guó)家的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)已經(jīng)給這場(chǎng)慶典蒙上了陰影。 巴西總統(tǒng)迪爾瑪·羅塞夫(Dilma Rousseff) 身陷大規(guī)模的貪腐丑聞，愈來(lái)愈有可能遭到罷免，而按照序列有望接替她的人自己頭上也籠罩著種種爭(zhēng)議。

Questions of corruption have extended to Olympics planning, particularly after a businessmanwho worked on many Olympic projects in Rio was convicted of corruption and moneylaundering related to separate contracts. Mr. Leyser said that the questions centered onirregularities at the Deodoro event site and that no public official had been accused ofwrongdoing.

腐敗問(wèn)題亦延伸到了奧運(yùn)會(huì)的籌備之中，尤其是一名參與里約許多奧運(yùn)項(xiàng)目的商人被裁定涉及與多份單獨(dú)合同相關(guān)的貪腐和洗錢(qián)。雷瑟稱(chēng)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題集中于德奧多羅場(chǎng)館設(shè)施建設(shè)中的不規(guī)范行為，沒(méi)有政府官員被控違法。

“It’s more an administrative issue than a corruption scheme,” he said. “It’s basically aquestion of the numbers.”

“這主要是管理問(wèn)題，而不是腐敗陰謀，”他說(shuō)，“基本上是一個(gè)數(shù)字問(wèn)題。”

Mr. Leyser called the devaluation of Brazil’s currency an opportunity because it increases thebuying power of foreign money coming into Brazil for the Games.

雷瑟稱(chēng)將巴西貨幣貶值稱(chēng)為一個(gè)機(jī)遇，因?yàn)樗岣吡藶閵W運(yùn)會(huì)而進(jìn)入巴西的外幣的購(gòu)買(mǎi)力。

But not everyone sees the event as a boon to the country. Shirlei Alves, who lives in the SantaMarta favela of Rio, criticized the government for spending on the Olympics in the face ofBrazil’s problems.

但是，并非所有人都認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)對(duì)國(guó)家有益。住在里約貧民區(qū)圣瑪塔的謝萊·阿爾維斯(Shirlei Alves)批評(píng)說(shuō)，巴西明明有種種問(wèn)題，政府卻把錢(qián)花在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上。

“The world is just getting worse here,” Ms. Alves said, noting that she was without medicationand electricity. “The government is making a mistake. I’d like if they’d take a better look at thepoor people and not help people who are already rich.”

“這里正在變得愈來(lái)愈糟，”阿爾維斯說(shuō)。她說(shuō)自己既沒(méi)有藥物，也沒(méi)有電。“政府正在犯錯(cuò)誤。我希望他們好好看看窮人們，而不是去幫助那些已經(jīng)很富裕的人。”

Eduardo Paes, the mayor of Rio, said Wednesday that the city had a “comfortable financialsituation” and had spent on stadium construction 1 percent of what it spent on healtheducation.

里約市長(zhǎng)愛(ài)德華多·帕埃斯(Eduardo Paes)周三說(shuō)，里約“財(cái)政狀況良好”，而且花在場(chǎng)館建設(shè)上的錢(qián)只是花在健康教育上的1%。

“I know people are skeptical,” Mr. Paes said, citing the “huge deliverables” for the Olympics. “Of course the situation here has been difficult. But there is a commitment of the Brazilianstate to deliver the Olympics.”

“我知道人們都在懷疑，”帕埃斯說(shuō)，他提及奧運(yùn)會(huì)帶來(lái)的“巨大成果”。“當(dāng)然，這里的形勢(shì)一直很困難。但巴西承諾辦好奧運(yùn)會(huì)。”

Perhaps the most vexing issue for local organizers — the one that may stir anxiety amongathletes and spectators — is the mosquito-borne Zika virus, which has been linked to birthdefects and temporary paralysis. Zika is of greater concern outside Rio, in the far north partof Brazil, but the World Health Organization has declared the virus a global public healthemergency and has advised pregnant women not to travel anywhere in Brazil.

或許對(duì)于本地的組織者來(lái)說(shuō)，最令人煩惱的問(wèn)題、同時(shí)也是有可能令運(yùn)動(dòng)員和觀眾不安的問(wèn)題，就是由蚊蟲(chóng)傳播的茲卡病毒。這種病毒已經(jīng)被證實(shí)與出生缺陷以及暫時(shí)性麻痹有關(guān)。茲卡疫情在里約之外、巴西偏遠(yuǎn)的北部更為嚴(yán)重，但世界衛(wèi)生組織已經(jīng)宣布這種病毒為全球突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件，同時(shí)建議孕婦不要前往巴西任何地方。

“The Olympics is a pretty effective way of taking whatever disease is local and making itglobal,” said Ashish K. Jha, director of the Global Health Institute at Harvard.

哈佛大學(xué)全球健康研究所主任阿希什·K·賈阿(Ashish K. Jha)說(shuō)：“奧運(yùn)會(huì)是傳播任何一種地方疾病、使其變成全球疾病的一種相當(dāng)有效的方式。”

Some scientists have suggested that by the time the Olympics start in August — wintertime inBrazil, when mosquitoes are less numerous — the virus might be more prevalent in thesouthern United States.

一些科學(xué)家提出，8月奧運(yùn)會(huì)開(kāi)始時(shí)正值巴西的冬天，蚊蟲(chóng)較少，但茲卡病毒在美國(guó)南部或許會(huì)更流行。

“Zika’s been spreading effectively on its own, but there’s very good reason to think theOlympics will accelerate the spread,” Dr. Jha said.

賈阿醫(yī)生說(shuō)：“茲卡病毒自身一直在進(jìn)行有效傳播，但有充分理由認(rèn)為，奧運(yùn)會(huì)將加快它的傳播。”

But the virus poses a unique problem because it is so far beyond the control of localorganizing officials, and so many questions about it remain unanswered. Few athletes havepublicly expressed concern, but it is unclear how many might withdraw as the Games drawcloser.

但這種病毒構(gòu)成了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)樗h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了本地組委會(huì)官員們所能控制的范圍之外，而且關(guān)于它仍然有許多問(wèn)題未能得到解答。幾乎沒(méi)有多少運(yùn)動(dòng)員公開(kāi)表達(dá)憂(yōu)慮，但隨著奧運(yùn)會(huì)臨近，不清楚會(huì)有多少人可能退賽。

“At this point you just keep going,” David Wallechinsky, an Olympics historian, said. “You haveto continue as if everything’s going to be fine. These are real concerns — Zika, the waterquality. But even if Dilma is forced out of office, it’s not going to stop the Olympics.”

“到了這個(gè)時(shí)候，只能往前走，”奧運(yùn)史學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·沃利欽斯基(David Wallechinsky)說(shuō)，“你得繼續(xù)向前，就像一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)似的。茲卡病毒、水的質(zhì)量，這些都是切實(shí)的憂(yōu)慮。但就算迪爾瑪被趕下臺(tái)，也擋不住奧運(yùn)會(huì)。”