莫迪清華大學演講全文

Foreign Minister Wang Yi,

Shi Yigong, Assistant President of Tsinghua University,

I am truly delighted to be at the Tsinghua University today.

You are a world class institution. You are a symbol of success of China’s education sector.

You are the foundation for China’s economic miracle.

You have produced great leaders, including President Xi.

It is not surprising that China’s economic growth and its new leadership in research, science and technology have taken place together.

I particularly like the old Chinese saying, If you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if you think in terms of ten years, plant trees; if you think in terms of 100 years, teach the people.

In India, too, the ancient saying is vyaye krate vardhate eva nityam, vidhya dhanam sarva dhan pradhanam

The wealth that increases by giving, That wealth is knowledge and is supreme of all possessions.

This is one example of how our two nations are united in their timeless wisdom.

There is much more, though, that links our two ancient civilizations.

I began my journey in China in Xian. In doing so, I retraced the footsteps of the Chinese monk Xuanzang.

He travelled to India from Xian in the seventh century in search of knowledge and returned to Xian as a friend and chronicler of India.

President Xi’s visit in India last September started from Ahmedabad. It is not far from Vadnagar, my birthplace, but important, because it hosted Xuanzang and many pilgrims from China.

The world’s first large scale educational exchange programme took place between India and China during the Tang Dynasty.

Records talk of about 80 Indian monks coming to China and nearly 150 Chinese monks returning after their education in India. And yes, this was in the 10th and 11th century.

Mumbai’s rise as a port and a shipbuilding centre is because of cotton trade with China.

And, those who love silk and textiles know that India’s famous tanchoi sarees owe themselves to three brothers from my state of Gujarat who learnt the art of weaving from Chinese masters in the 19th century.

And, in an unquestionable evidence of our ancient trade, silk in our classical Sanskrit language is called Cinapatta.

So, the centuries-old story of our relations has been of spiritualism, learning, art and trade.

It is a picture of respect for each other’s civilisation and of shared prosperity.

It is reflected in the human values of Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis, a doctor from India, who treated soldiers in China during the Second World War.

Today, after difficult and sometimes dark passages of history, India and China stand at a rare moment of vast and multiple transitions in the world.

Perhaps, the most significant change of this era is the re-emergence of China and India.

The world’s two most populous nations are undergoing economic and social transformation on a scale and at a speed that is unmatched in history.

China’s success over the past three decades has changed the character of the global economy.

India is now the next frontier of the economic revolution.

We have the demography for it. About 800 million people in India are below the age of 35 years. Their aspirations, energy, enterprise and skills will be the force for India’s economic transformation.

We now have the political mandate and the will to make it happen.

Over the past year, we have moved with a clear and coherent vision. And, we have acted with speed, resolve and boldness to implement it.

We have taken sweeping steps to reform our policies and open up more to foreign direct investments. This includes new areas like insurance, construction, defence and railways.

We are eliminating unnecessary regulations and simplifying our procedures. We are using digital technology to eliminate multiple approvals and endless wait.

We are building a tax regime that is predictable, stable and competitive, and that will integrate the Indian market.

We are scaling up investments in next generation infrastructure – roads, ports, railways, airports, telecom, digital networks and clean energy.

Our resources are being allocated with speed and transparency. And, we will make sure that land acquisition does not become a barrier to growth or a burden on farmers.

We are creating the global skill pool to establish a modern economy with a world class manufacturing sector.

We are reviving our agriculture sector to restore the fortunes of our farmers and boost our growth.

Like China, urban renewal is both a necessity and a means to add energy to our economy.

We are combining traditional strategies with modern economic instruments to eliminate poverty and create security for the poor.

We have launched major schemes on financial inclusion of all, providing funds to the un-banked, and ensuring efficient and direct transfer of benefits to the poor.And, we are ensuring that insurance and pension schemes reach the poorest.

We have set time bound goals for providing access to housing, water and sanitation for all.

This won’t just transform lives, but also generate a new source of economic momentum.

Above all, we are changing the way we govern ourselves – not just in the way we work in New Delhi, but also in the way we work together with state governments, districts and cities.

Because we know, as you do, that our vision may be formed in Delhi, but our success will be determined by state capitals.

That is why I am here today with two Chief Ministers, which is a new aspect of our foreign policy. And, for the first time for India, Premier Li and I will sit with provincial leaders and chief ministers to discuss our partnership.

I know that rewriting policies can be easier than changing mindsets and work culture. But, we are on the right path.

You will feel the change in India. And, you can see it in our growth rate. It has now increased to 7.5%, and we are encouraged by international experts speak in one voice of higher growth rates.

In many ways, our two countries reflect the same aspirations, similar challenges and the same opportunities.

We can be inspired by each other’s successes.

And, in the global uncertainties of our times, we can reinforce each other’s progress.

Perhaps, no other economy in the world offers such opportunities for the future as India’s. And, few partnerships are as filled with promise as ours.

During President Xi’s visit last September, we set for ourselves a new level of ambition for our cooperation.

Partnership in modernizing Indian railways, two Chinese industrial parks in India, commitments of 20 billion dollars in investments into India over the next five years partnership in our Make in India Mission: This is the shape of our future.

Tomorrow in Shanghai, we will see the agreements on first of those partnerships between our industries.

But, to maintain this partnership over the long run, we must also improve the access of Indian industry to the Chinese market. I am encouraged by President Xi’s and Premier Li’s commitment to resolve this problem.

As much as our bilateral cooperation, our international partnership will be important for each other’s success.

Our changing world has created new opportunities and challenges.

We both face instability in our shared neighbourhood that can threaten our security and slow down our economies.

The spreading tide of extremism and terrorism is a threat we both face; for both, its source is in the same region.

We must also deal with the changing character of terrorism that has made it less predictable and more diffuse.

We source a large part of our energy from the same region that faces instability and uncertain future.

India and China conduct their international commerce on the same sea lanes. The security of sea lanes is vital for our two economies; and, our cooperation is essential to achieve it.

Equally, we both seek to connect a fragmented Asia. There are projects we will pursue individually. There are few such as the Bangladesh, China India Myanmar Corridor that we are doing jointly.

But, geography and history tell us that the dream of an interconnected Asia will be successful, when India and China work together.

We are two countries that have gained a lot from an open, rule-based global trading system. Equally, we have most to lose if it breaks down.

We both have enormous stakes in the international negotiations on climate change. Our cooperation in these forums will be crucial to shape their outcomes.

Today, we speak of Asia’s resurgence. It is the result of the rise of many powers in the region at the same time.

It is an Asia of great promise, but also many uncertainties.

Asia’s re- emergence is leading to a multi-polar world that we both welcome.

But, it is also an unpredictable and complex environment of shifting equations.

We can be more certain of a peaceful and stable future for Asia if India and China cooperate closely.

A resurgent Asia is seeking a bigger voice in global affairs. India and China seek a greater role in the world. It may be reforms in the United Nations Security Council or the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.

But, Asia’s voice will be stronger and our nation’s role more influential, if India and China speak in one voice – for all of us and for each other.

Simply put, the prospects of the 21st century becoming the Asian century will depend in large measure on what India and China achieve individually and what we do together.

The rising fortunes of 2.5 billion pairs of joined hands will be of the greatest consequence for our region and the humanity.

This is the vision that I share with President Xi and Premier Li.

This is the impulse that is driving our relationship.

In recent years, we have deepened our political engagement. We have kept our borders peaceful. We have managed our differences and not allowed them to impede closer cooperation. We have enhanced our cooperation across the full spectrum of our relationship.

Yet, if we have to realise the extraordinary potential of our partnership, we must also address the issues that lead to hesitation and doubts, even distrust, in our relationship.

First, we must try to settle the boundary question quickly.

We both recognise that this is history’s legacy. Resolving it is our shared responsibility to the future. We must move ahead with new purpose and determination.

The solution we choose should do more than settle the boundary question.

It should do so in a manner that transforms our relationship and not cause new disruptions.

We have been remarkably successful in maintaining peace and tranquility along the border.

We must continue to do that on the principle of mutual and equal security.

Our agreements, protocols and border mechanisms have been helpful.

But, a shadow of uncertainty always hangs over the sensitive areas of the border region.

It is because neither side knows where the Line of Actual Control is, in these areas.

That is why I have proposed resuming the process of clarifying it. We can do this without prejudice to our position on the boundary question.

We should think of creative solutions to issues that have become irritants – from visa policies to trans-border rivers.

Sometimes, small steps can have a deep impact on how our people see each other.

We are both increasing our engagement in our shared neighbourhood. This calls for deeper strategic communication to build mutual trust and confidence.

We must ensure that our relationships with other countries do not become a source of concern for each other. And, wherever possible and feasible, we should work together, as we did in responding to the earthquake in Nepal.

If the last century was the age of alliances, this is an era of inter-dependence. So, talks of alliances against one another have no foundation.

In any case, we are both ancient civilizations, large and independent nations. Neither of us can be contained or become part of anyone’s plans.

So, our partnership in international forums should not be determined by the concerns of others, but the interests of our two countries.

China’s support for India’s permanent membership of a reformed UN Security Council, and for India’s membership of export control regimes like Nuclear Suppliers Group will do more than just strengthen our international cooperation.

It will take our relationship to a new level.

It will give Asia a stronger voice in the world.

If we are able to deepen mutual trust and confidence, we will also be able to reinforce each other’s efforts of connecting Asia with itself and rest of the world.

Our soldiers face each other on the border, but we should also deepen our defence and security cooperation to address our many common challenges.

Above all, as we look ahead, we must build more bridges of familiarity and comfort between our people.

About 33% of the world’s population is either Indian or Chinese. Yet, our people know very little of each other.

We must seek inspiration from the pilgrims of the ancient times, who braved the unknown in search of knowledge, and enriched us both.

So, we have decided to extend electronic tourist visas to Chinese nationals. We are celebrating the “Year of India” in China in 2015. We are launching the ‘Provincial and State Leaders Forum’ today.

Later today, we will have the Yoga-Taichi event. It will represent the coming together of our two civilizations.

We are starting the Gandhi and India Study Centre in Fudan University and a college of Yoga in Kunming.

The second route to Kailash Mansarovar for Indian pilgrims will start in June, for which I want to thank President Xi.

These are just some of the many steps India and China are taking to bring the world’s two largest populations in closer contact.

For this reason, I chose to speak today at a university.

Because it is the youth that will inherit the future of our countries and the responsibility for our relationship.

President Xi has spoken eloquently about the inter-connected dreams of China and India and the new type of relationship between major countries.

Not only are our dreams inter-connected, our future is also deeply inter- connected.

We are at a moment, when we have the opportunity to make our choices.

India and China are two proud civilizations and two great nations that will fulfill their destinies.

We each have the strength and the will to choose our own paths to success.

But, we have the ancient wisdom to know that our journey will be smoother and our future brighter, when we will walk together, confident of one another, and in step with each other.

Thank you very much and thanks for your invitation, thanks a lot.

印度總理莫迪在清華大學演講全文

清華大學，北京

2015年5月15日

今天，我非常高興能夠來到清華大學。這是一個世界一流的高等學府，你們是中國教育界成功的標志。你們是造就中國經(jīng)濟奇跡的堅實基礎(chǔ)。

中國經(jīng)濟迅速增長，同時，在研究、科學和技術(shù)領(lǐng)域也取得了領(lǐng)先地位，這并非偶然。

中國有句古話說得非常好：“一年之計，莫如樹谷;十年之計，莫如樹木;終身之計，莫如樹人。”在印度也有同樣的說法，“財富的增長源于給予，財富就是知 識，高于一切身外之物。”知識這種財富是隨著你的給予而越來越多的，當所有人都擁有時就達到了極致。這是我們兩國之間永恒智慧統(tǒng)一的實例。

當然，連接我們兩個文明古國的事物還有很多。

我來到中國的首站是西安，這是因為我要追隨中國古代僧人玄奘的足跡。公元七世紀，為了尋求知識，他從西安出發(fā)前往印度，并作為印度的友人和年代史編者返回到西安。

去年九月份，習近平主席從艾哈邁達巴德開始對印度進行訪問。那里離我的出生地瓦德納加爾并不遙遠，但更重要的原因是這里曾招待過玄奘和多位中國僧人。

中印兩國首次大規(guī)模的教育交流項目始于唐朝。據(jù)記載，共有大約80名印度僧人來到中國，有將近150名中國僧人在印度結(jié)束學業(yè)后返回。當然了，這些都發(fā)生在10和11世紀。

孟買崛起成為一個港口和一個造船中心，就和中國的棉花貿(mào)易分不開。喜愛絲綢和紡織品的人都知道，印度著名的沙麗服來自于古吉拉特邦的三兄弟，這三人是在 19世紀時期從中國大師那里學到了編織藝術(shù)。在古代貿(mào)易中，絲綢在經(jīng)典梵語中被稱為支那帕塔(Cinapatta)。

所以，我們兩國間的悠久歷史源自靈性、學習、藝術(shù)和貿(mào)易等方面。這是兩國互相尊重彼此的文化以及共享繁榮的美好畫卷。這反映在柯棣華醫(yī)生所表現(xiàn)出的價值觀上，這位來自印度的醫(yī)生曾在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間在中國救治士兵。

如今，經(jīng)歷了歷史上的黑暗和困苦時期后，中印兩國正處在世界發(fā)生各種變革的罕見歷史時刻。也許，這個時代最顯著的變化就是中印兩國的復興。這兩個世界上人 口最多的國家正在經(jīng)歷史上前所未有的大規(guī)模和快速的經(jīng)濟和社會變革。?中國在過去三十年中取得的成功已經(jīng)改變了全球經(jīng)濟的特征。印度現(xiàn)已成為經(jīng)濟革命的最 新前沿。

我們對此進行了人口統(tǒng)計。印度有大約8億人口處在35歲之下。他們的雄心壯志、精力、事業(yè)心和技能將成為印度經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的重要力量。我們現(xiàn)在頒布相關(guān)政令并決意讓這變成現(xiàn)實。

過去的一年間，我們一直懷著清晰而一致的目標前行。為了實現(xiàn)目標，我們也采取了迅速、堅決而果敢的行動。

我們采取徹底的政改措施，更加開放外商直接投資。這其中包括保險、建筑、 防御和鐵路等新領(lǐng)域。我們正在消除不必要的規(guī)章，簡化程序，通過使用數(shù)字技術(shù)消除多重批準和無期限等待。

我們正在打造可預測、穩(wěn)定且具有競爭性的稅務體制，從而整合印度市場。我們正在加大對新一代基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資—公路、港口、鐵路、機場、電信、數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡 以及清潔能源等。我們通過迅速、透明的方式分配資源。我們相信，土地征用將不會成為經(jīng)濟增長的障礙或是農(nóng)民的負擔。

我們正在打造全球技術(shù)庫，準備把印度建設(shè)成一個擁有世界一流的制造業(yè)的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟體。我們正在振興農(nóng)業(yè)，改變農(nóng)民的命運，推動經(jīng)濟增長。

和中國一樣，城市改造也是為經(jīng)濟增添活力的必要途徑和重要渠道。我們正在將傳統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)略與現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟手段結(jié)合在一起，消除貧窮，為窮苦人民建立保障。

我們已經(jīng)推出了一些主要的金融包容項目，為沒有存款的人提供資金，并為窮苦人民提供直接有效的福利。我們保證將保險和養(yǎng)老金計劃延伸至覆蓋最貧窮的人。

我們己經(jīng)設(shè)置了限時目標，改善整體住房、用水和環(huán)境衛(wèi)生條件。這不僅可以改善人民生活，同時還可催生經(jīng)濟動力的新源頭。

首先，我們要改變執(zhí)政方式—不僅是在首都新德里的政府辦事方法，還包括州、區(qū)和市政府的執(zhí)政方法。因為我們明白，雖然我們的政令是在新德里形成的，但 是決定成功的還是各州政府。這也是為什么我今天會和兩位首席部長一起出席，這是我們外交政策的新風貌。并且，我和李克強總理將與省級領(lǐng)導人以及首席部長們 討論合作事宜，這在印度史上尚屬首次。我知道與改變心態(tài)和工作文化相比，重改政策會更加容易。但是我們會堅持這條正確道路的。

你能夠感受到印度的變化。同樣，你也可以從經(jīng)濟增長率中看到變化。我國經(jīng)濟增長率已達到7.5%，國際專家們也一致表示，我們的增長率會更高，這讓我們倍受鼓舞。

在很多方面，我們兩國都反映出相同的愿景，擁有相似的挑戰(zhàn)和相同的機遇。彼此的成功能夠給對方以啟發(fā)。在當前國際形勢不確定時期，我們可以支持彼此的發(fā)展進程。也許，沒有哪個國家能像印度這樣提供如此的機遇。也很少有合作伙伴能像我們這樣充滿誠信。

去年九月習主席訪印期間，我們?yōu)樽约褐贫烁叩暮献髂繕?。合作推進印度鐵路現(xiàn)代化工程、在印度建設(shè)2個中國產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)，承諾在今后五年內(nèi)向印度投資200億美元完成“印度制造”的目標：這就是我們未來的雛形。明天，我們將在上海見證首批合約的簽訂。

但是，為了保證這些合作能夠長期進行，我們也必須加大印度產(chǎn)業(yè)進軍中國市場的步伐。習主席和李總理承諾會解決這個問題，這讓我很受鼓舞。和我們之間的雙邊合作一樣，國際間的合作對我們兩國彼此的成功也尤為重要。

我們這個瞬息萬變的世界已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了很多新的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。我們都要面對來自周圍鄰國的不穩(wěn)定因素，這些國家會威脅我們的安全，減緩我們的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展速度。極端 主義和恐怖主義的蔓延是我們共同面臨的威脅;因為我們處在相同的區(qū)域內(nèi)。我們還必須處理恐怖主義不斷變化、更難預測、傳播范圍更廣的難題。我們在這方面的 能力大都來自同樣面臨不穩(wěn)定和不確定未來的地區(qū)。

印度和中國在相同的海上航道實施國際貿(mào)易。海上航道的安全對兩國的經(jīng)濟至關(guān)重要;我們之間的合作對于保證安全來說十分重要。

同樣，我們都力圖把亞洲各國連接起來。我們各自也在進行著不同的項目。很少有像孟加拉國-中國-印度-緬甸走廊這樣的機會讓我們可以進行合作。但是，地理位置和歷史告訴我們，當印度和中國聯(lián)手合作起來時，打造互通的亞洲這個美夢才會實現(xiàn)。

我們兩個國家都從開放、以規(guī)則為導向的全球貿(mào)易體系中獲益良多。同樣，如全球貿(mào)易體系被破壞，我們也會損失慘重。我們在關(guān)于氣候變化的國際協(xié)商中發(fā)揮著重要作用。兩國在這些論壇中的合作對于其結(jié)果非常重要。

如今，我們常說亞洲的復興。這源自該區(qū)域內(nèi)多支力量的同時崛起。亞洲的前景光明，同時也充滿著許多不確定因素。亞洲的復興將形成一個多極化的世界，這也是我們都樂于見到的。但是，這同時也是一個不可預知的復雜環(huán)境。

我們確信，如果中印兩國更加緊密地合作，亞洲就會擁有和平、穩(wěn)定的未來。

復興的亞洲正在爭取更多地參與國際事務。中印兩國也希望在全球扮演更重要的角色。這可能是改革聯(lián)合國安理會或是全新的亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行。但是如果中印兩國的意見統(tǒng)一，彼此互惠互利，那么亞洲的聲音就會更加強大，我們的國家就會擁有更強的影響力。

簡單來說，21世紀將成為亞洲的世紀，這一前景在很大程度上取決于中印兩國各自的收獲以及合作的事項。25億雙手合力創(chuàng)造的財富對于整個亞洲和人民都將是最偉大的成果。這是我與習主席和李總理的共同愿景，也是我們合作的動力。

近幾年，我們已經(jīng)加深了政治參與。我們維護了兩國邊境的和平。我們合理處理分歧，不讓這些因素破壞兩國間親密的合作關(guān)系。我們已經(jīng)全力提升了兩國間的合 作關(guān)系。然而，如果我們要實現(xiàn)彼此間合作的非凡潛力，我們就必須解決可能導致兩國間猶豫和懷疑甚至不信任的問題。

首先，我們必須努力迅速解決邊境爭端問題。我們都承認這是歷史遺留問題。解決此問題是我們共同肩負的責任。我們需懷著新的目標和決心前行。我們選擇的解決方案應該不僅僅能夠解決邊境問題。它應該能夠改善我們之間的關(guān)系，并不會造成新的混亂。

一直以來，我們在維護邊境和平寧靜方面都取得了顯著成效。我們一直堅持相互平等的安全原則。我們簽訂的合約、協(xié)議以及邊境機制很有成效。但是，在敏感的 邊境區(qū)域仍存留一些不確定陰影。這是因為雙方均不知道這些地區(qū)的實際控制線。這也是我提出重新明確實際控制線的原因。我們能夠在不影響邊境問題姿態(tài)的情況 下處理該事宜。

我們應該提出創(chuàng)新型的解決辦法，從簽證政策到跨境河流都要涉及。有時，微小的舉措也會對彼此人民的態(tài)度產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。我們彼此都在增加對周邊地區(qū)事務的參與度。這就需要更深層次的戰(zhàn)略溝通，以增強互信。

我們必須保證彼此與他國間的關(guān)系將不會成為彼此擔憂的源泉。在任何可能或可行的條件下，我們都要攜手并進，就像在尼泊爾地震中所做出的回應一樣。如果上世 紀是聯(lián)盟的年代，那么，如今就是相互依存的年代。所以說，結(jié)盟反抗其他國家就沒有意義。在任何情況下，我們都是文明古國，偉大而獨立的國家。中印兩國任何 一方都不會被納入到對方的國家計劃之中。所以，我們參與的國際論壇不應該成為彼此的擔憂，而是兩國間的互利。

中國支持印度在改革后的聯(lián)合國安理會中成為永久成員，并支持印度在出口控制制度的成員權(quán)限，如核供應集團，這些將有助于更好地加強我們的國際合作。這將促使我們的合作達到新高度。

如果我們能夠深化互信，我們也能夠鞏固彼此與亞洲甚至是世界的溝通。盡管我們兩國的士們要在邊境上互相面對，但是我們應該深化國防與安全的合作，以應對諸多共同的挑戰(zhàn)。尤其是，展望未來，我們必須建造更多互通橋梁，讓兩國人民安心。

全球大約40%的人口是印度人或是中國人。然而兩國間的人民卻不甚了解彼此。我們需要從古代僧人互訪中吸取靈感，敢于為了尋求知識，突破未知界限，從而互惠彼此。

因此，我們決定向中國公民開放電子游客簽證。我們即將慶祝2015年中印交流年。今天，我們就將啟動省級和州級領(lǐng)導人論壇。今天晚些時候，我們還將舉辦瑜 伽-太極活動。此次活動代表兩國文明的相互交融。我們將在復旦大學開辦甘地及印度研究中心，并在昆明成立瑜伽學院。

這些只是中印兩國為促進兩個世界人口大國更緊密聯(lián)系所采取的部分舉措。也正是出于這個原因，我今天選擇在清華大學演講。因為只有年輕人才能夠繼承兩國的未來，承擔兩國合作的責任。

習主席已經(jīng)生動地闡釋了中印兩國的互通夢，以及和主要大國間的新型合作關(guān)系。不僅我們的夢想是互通的，兩國的未來也是深深的相互依存的。此刻，正是我們有機會做出選擇的時候。

印度和中國是兩個值得驕傲的文明大國，兩國必將圓滿完成既定的目標。我們都有能力并且愿意選擇自己的道路獲取成功。但是，古代智慧結(jié)晶告訴我們，只有我們攜手共進，堅持互信，步調(diào)統(tǒng)一，才能使我們發(fā)展的道路更加順利，我們的未來也會更加光明!

謝謝!