英國反恐部門監(jiān)視境內(nèi)3000極端分子

British counter-terrorism officials are monitoring3,000 extremists in the UK that they fear couldcommit acts of domestic terror or become future“Jihadi Johns”.

英國反恐官員目前監(jiān)視著英國境內(nèi)3000名極端分子，擔心這些人可能發(fā)動國內(nèi)恐怖襲擊，或成為未來的“圣戰(zhàn)約翰”。

Many will never have travelled abroad or been officialmembers of terrorist organisations, underscoring thegrowing problem facing intelligence and securityagencies across Europe in tracking radicalcommunities of home-grown terrorists.

名單上的許多人從來沒有出過國，也從來不是恐怖組織的正式成員，這突顯了歐洲各國情報和安全機構(gòu)在追蹤由土生土長的恐怖分子構(gòu)成的激進群體方面遇到的日益嚴重的問題。

The disclosure follows the unmasking of Londoner Mohammed Emwazi this week as thehooded murderer responsible for some of the most barbaric killings perpetrated by the IslamicState of Iraq and the Levant, or Isis.

這一消息傳出之前，“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國”(ISIS)部分最野蠻的殺戮行徑的蒙面劊子手本周身份曝光，此人原來是倫敦市民，名叫穆罕默德•埃姆瓦茲(Mohammed Emwazi)。

The 3,000 figure is significantly higher than previous estimates. In late 2007, Jonathan Evans,then director general of MI5 — Britain’s domestic intelligence agency — said the SecurityService was monitoring 2,000 people.

3000人這個數(shù)字顯著高于先前的估計。2007年底，英國國內(nèi)情報機構(gòu)軍情五處(MI5)負責人喬納森•埃文斯(Jonathan Evans)曾說，該機構(gòu)監(jiān)視著2000人。

The number of so-called SoIs — subjects of interest as potentially violent extremists areknown in MI5 parlance — had been stable until recent months: but the rise of Isis hasexpanded their ranks. Senior Whitehall security officials told the Financial Times there was realconcern over the impact social media was having on radical individuals in Britain and its abilityto magnify the appeal of jihadism in the Middle East.

按照MI5的用語，潛在的暴力極端分子被稱為“感興趣對象”(SoI)。這些人的數(shù)量在之前一直保持穩(wěn)定，近幾個月才出現(xiàn)變化;ISIS的興起壯大了他們的行列。白廳高級安全官員告訴英國《金融時報》，關(guān)于社交媒體對英國境內(nèi)激進人士產(chǎn)生的影響，以及社交媒體放大中東圣戰(zhàn)吸引力的能力，有關(guān)方面抱有真切的擔憂。

The focus of counter-terrorism efforts in Europe until now has been on preventing citizensfrom travelling to Syria and Iraq to join terror groups. An estimated 3,000 Europeans havetravelled to fight there, among them more than 500 Britons. But individuals who remain athome are increasingly being seen as high priority targets for monitoring as the incidence of“lone wolf” terror attacks grows.

此前歐洲反恐努力的焦點是阻止公民前往敘利亞和伊拉克加入恐怖組織。據(jù)估計已有3000名歐洲人前往該地區(qū)投入作戰(zhàn)，其中包括500多名英國人。但是，隨著“孤狼”恐怖襲擊事件的發(fā)生率增加，留在本土的個人正日趨被視為高優(yōu)先級監(jiān)視目標。

They are becoming harder to track too, British officials say, because they are less likely to bemembers of groups or well-connected networks. One senior security officer described theproblem as like trying to follow the random “brownian motion” of particles in a teapot.

英國官員們表示，跟蹤他們的難度也加大了，因為他們不太可能是組織或龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成員。一名高級安全官員形容就像是在追蹤一個茶壺里面所有粒子的“布朗運動”。

“There have always been a lot of people [under watch]. But the perception for a long time wasthat the numbers had plateaued,” said Raffaello Pantucci, director of international securitystudies at the think-tank Rusi. “Now there is a whole new layer on top of that because thenoise from Isis in Syria and Iraq is so loud it is attracting others.”

“一直有很多人(處于監(jiān)視之下)。但在一段較長時期內(nèi)，各方的看法是這些人的數(shù)量已經(jīng)趨于穩(wěn)定，”智庫——英國皇家聯(lián)合軍種研究院(Royal United Services Institute)的國際安全研究總監(jiān)拉菲洛•潘圖奇(Raffaello Pantucci)表示。“現(xiàn)在增添了全新的一層，因為ISIS從敘利亞和伊拉克傳來的噪音如此響亮，吸引了其他人。”