微笑應(yīng)對生活 壓力不過是“鴨梨”

There are days that leave the best of us feeling worn out and stressed.
生活中我們總會有感到筋疲力盡、壓抑不堪的時候。

But venting your frustrations is the worst thing you can do, according to scientists.
但科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)泄你的怨氣是最糟糕的方法。

Instead, it is better to 'positively appraise' the cause of your stress with acceptance and humour as these are the most effective coping strategies for people dealing with failures.
相反，你最好能“積極評估”壓力產(chǎn)生的根源，以接受和幽默的態(tài)度來面對，因為這是應(yīng)對挫敗的最有效策略。

Researchers from the University of Kent had 149 students keep a diary for between three to 14 days.
肯特大學(xué)的研究人員讓149名參與調(diào)查的學(xué)生記日記，為期3天到14天不等。

Each day, the students detailed their most bothersome failure, the strategies they used to cope with the failure and how they felt at the end of the day.
學(xué)生每天記錄他們遭遇的最令人懊惱的失敗、克服挫折的對策、以及一天結(jié)束時的感受。

Their coping strategies included using emotional or instrumental support; self-distraction; denial; religion; venting; substance use; self-blame; and behavioural disengagement.
他們的應(yīng)對策略包括情感或物質(zhì)支持、分散注意力、拒不接受、尋求宗教信仰、宣泄、使用藥物、自我批評、以及行為解脫。

Of these, using social support; denial; venting; behavioural disengagement; and self-blame coping had negative effects on satisfaction at the end of the day.
這些策略中，尋求社會幫助、拒不接受、宣泄、行為解脫、及自我批評會削弱一天結(jié)束時的滿足感。

The more students used these coping strategies in dealing with the day's most bothersome failure, the less satisfied they felt.
受訪學(xué)生在應(yīng)對一天中最令人煩惱的挫折時，這些策略使用得越多，他們越是感到不滿足。

In contrast, positive reframing or trying to see things in a more positive light; acceptance and humour coping had positive effects on satisfaction.
相比之下，積極地重新規(guī)劃、嘗試以更積極的眼光看待問題、容忍、幽默的處理態(tài)度會增加滿足感。

The more students used these coping strategies in dealing with failures, the more satisfied they felt at the end of the day.
學(xué)生在應(yīng)對挫折時，這些策略使用得越多，一天結(jié)束時滿足感越高。

Lead researcher Dr Joachim Stoeber believes that the findings will be of significant interest to clinicians, counsellors and anyone working on stress research.
首席研究員喬安希姆•斯德伯博士認為，該研究結(jié)果對臨床醫(yī)生、顧問以及壓力研究工作者意義重大。

He said: 'The finding that positive reframing was helpful for students high in perfectionist concerns is particularly important because it suggests that even people high in perfectionist concerns, who have a tendency to be dissatisfied no matter what they achieve, are able to experience high levels of satisfaction if they use positive reframing coping when dealing with perceived failures.'
他說：“積極重新規(guī)劃法對于極力追求完美的學(xué)生有幫助，這一研究結(jié)果很重要，因為研究表明，采用積極重新規(guī)劃法應(yīng)對可察覺的失敗時，即使是完美主義者也能夠獲得較高的滿足感，而通常這類人不管實現(xiàn)了什么，都覺得不滿足。”