波蘭墜機事件起因調(diào)查接近完成

Polish Crash Probe Nears Completion

The investigation into the April plane crash that killed Poland's president and 95 others is close to finished, with the remaining focus on whether the Polish air force chief's presence in the cockpit contributed to pilot error, said the top Polish official involved.
4月份導(dǎo)致波蘭總統(tǒng)及95名隨行人員死亡的飛機墜毀事故調(diào)查接近結(jié)束，參與調(diào)查的波蘭高官說，現(xiàn)存疑問集中于波蘭空軍司令在飛機墜毀前進入駕駛艙的舉動是否導(dǎo)致了飛行員出現(xiàn)失誤。

Investigators have now confirmed that one of the passengers, Gen. Andrzej Blasik, was in the cockpit with the door open as the pilots approached the runway in thick fog around Smolensk, in western Russia. Investigators also say the crew of the presidential Tupolev-154 delayed trying to lift the plane for 13 seconds after an alarm warned them they were too close to the ground.
事故調(diào)查人員已證實，飛行員在濃霧中接近俄羅斯西部斯摩棱斯克機場跑道時，當(dāng)時同機的空軍總司令布拉斯基(Andrzej Blasik)就在駕駛艙里，而駕駛艙的門是開著的。調(diào)查人員還說，這架圖-154總統(tǒng)專機的機組人員在接到飛機離地面太近的警報后，拉升飛機的動作延遲了13秒。

'Pretty much everything is clear right now and nearly all evidence has been gathered,' with just some background noise on the voice recordings still to be deciphered 'if possible,' said Edmund Klich, head of the Polish body that investigates civil-aviation disasters, in a phone interview from Moscow. The final report should be released within weeks, Mr. Klich said.
波蘭民用飛機事故機構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)人科利奇(Edmund Klich)在莫斯科接受電話采訪時說，一切事情差不多馬上就清楚了，幾乎所有的證據(jù)已收集齊了。只有聲音記錄中某些背景噪音，仍待最終解析。科利奇說，最終報告應(yīng)在數(shù)周內(nèi)予以公布。

President Lech Kaczynski, his wife and a high-level delegation were en route to commemorate the World War II Katyn forest massacre of thousands of Polish officers by Russian agents when their plane crashed April 10, killing everyone on board. Mr. Klich said those on board were subjected to forces of 100 times gravity on impact.
乘坐這架飛機的波蘭總統(tǒng)卡欽斯基(Lech Kaczynski)夫婦以及一個高層訪問團當(dāng)時是為了參加卡廷慘案的紀(jì)念活動，悼念二戰(zhàn)時被蘇聯(lián)軍隊在卡廷森林中殺害的數(shù)千名波蘭軍官。這架總統(tǒng)專機于4月10日墜毀，機上所有人員無一生還?？评嬲f墜機時機上成員承受的沖擊力相當(dāng)于100倍自身重力。

The disaster wiped out Poland's top military command and sank the nation into mourning. Moscow's sensitive handling of the tragedy also boosted reconciliation between the two ancient rivals.
此次飛機失事不僅讓波蘭最高軍事首領(lǐng)損失殆盡，也讓全國陷入悲慟。莫斯科對這一悲劇事件細(xì)致周到的處理也讓波俄這兩大夙敵之間的關(guān)系有所緩和。

The outcome of the joint Russian-Polish crash probe remains politically charged, however, with just weeks to go before Polish presidential elections, which are set for June 20. Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the late president's twin, is running in his brother's place. Mr. Kaczynski is trailing his main opponent, Bronislaw Komorowski, in opinion polls.
不過，鑒于波蘭總統(tǒng)選舉即將于幾周后的6月20日舉行，波俄墜機事故調(diào)查小組所做出的結(jié)論仍有可能在政治上受到挑戰(zhàn)。前總統(tǒng)的孿生兄弟雅羅斯瓦夫•卡欽斯基(Jaroslaw Kaczynski)正在競選總統(tǒng)。民調(diào)顯示，卡欽斯基現(xiàn)在落后于他的主要競爭對手科莫羅斯基(Bronislaw Komorowski)。

There has been persistent speculation in Poland and Russia that President Kaczynski may have pressured the pilots to land. In August 2008, during the war between Russia and Georgia, he gave orders to the military pilot flying his presidential aircraft to land in the Georgian capital, Tbilisi. The pilot refused.
一直以來波蘭和俄羅斯方面都在猜測是前總統(tǒng)卡欽斯基向駕駛員施加了壓力，要求他降落。2008年8月，在俄羅斯和格魯吉亞交火期間，他曾經(jīng)命令這位軍事飛行員駕駛自己的總統(tǒng)專機降落在格魯吉亞首都第比利斯，但遭到飛行員拒絕。

One other passenger on the doomed Tupolev, still not identified, entered the cockpit 16 minutes before the crash, Mr. Klich said. Polish media have carried unconfirmed reports that the person was a presidential aide, asking if the crew would land on time for the president to make it to the commemoration.
科利奇說，在墜機發(fā)生前16分鐘，一名目前尚未確認(rèn)身份的乘客進入了駕駛艙。波蘭媒體刊登了未經(jīng)證實的報告，說此人是一位總統(tǒng)助手，詢問駕駛員是否能夠及時降落保證總統(tǒng)按時出席紀(jì)念活動。

'There's no specific command to land on the record,' said Mr. Klich. 'Psychologists will have to assess the stress levels the pilots were subjected to.' That review is a part of the investigation that remains to be completed, he said.
科利奇說，記錄中沒有顯示有明確的降落命令，心理學(xué)家必須評估飛行員當(dāng)時的壓力水平。他說，評估工作是調(diào)查的一部分，目前還未完成。

The Tupolev's pilots ignored multiple warnings from the Smolensk control tower that visibility was poor and they should divert. Just four minutes from impact, another Polish flight crew already on the ground told the pilots that horizontal visibility at the airport was down to 200 meters, and vertical visibility was just 50 meters, according to details recently released by investigators in Moscow.
這架圖-154飛機的飛行員忽略了斯摩棱斯克機場塔臺發(fā)出的多個警告信號，諸如能見度很差，他們應(yīng)該飛往別處。據(jù)莫斯科方面近期發(fā)布的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，就在墜毀前四分鐘，另一位地面上的波蘭空乘人員告知飛行員現(xiàn)在的水平能見度已經(jīng)降到了200米，垂直能見度只有50米。