雅思聽力場景詞匯：關(guān)鍵詞

　　一、 關(guān)系詞的定義和分類

　　關(guān)系詞，即體現(xiàn)句子之間關(guān)系的詞或詞組。也有不少人稱之為信號詞，或者是連接詞。不管在雅思聽說讀寫四門中的任何一門都需要用到這類詞，以使得句子更加流暢，句意更加明晰。分析認(rèn)為，關(guān)系詞可非分兩大類：

　　同向關(guān)系詞:即用上此類詞或詞組，句子內(nèi)部或句子間的方向沒有發(fā)生改變，只是根據(jù)前面的句意進(jìn)一步延伸和細(xì)化。將其歸納為：

　　舉例關(guān)系詞：for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example.

　　類比關(guān)系詞：like, alike, similar, same, as.

　　選擇，并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系詞：or, either…or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more, furthermore, moreover.

　　因果關(guān)系詞：表示由引起的，后接原因的詞或詞組：because，because of，as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that.

　　表示導(dǎo)致，后接結(jié)果的詞或者詞組：so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate.

　　總結(jié)關(guān)系詞：in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief.

　　2. 逆向關(guān)系詞：

　　逆向關(guān)系詞，即用上此類詞或詞組，句子內(nèi)部或句子間的方向發(fā)生改變，前后句子意思形成相反關(guān)系。總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這類詞包含：

　　否定關(guān)系詞：not, none, no, never, non-, dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely, seldom, neither…nor.

　　轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步關(guān)系詞：but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though.

　　對比關(guān)系詞：unlike，by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely.