并不陌生的“蘇格蘭場(chǎng)”是什么？

Scotland Yard is a metonym for the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service of the British capital, London. The Metropolitan Police Service is responsible for law enforcement within Greater London, excluding the square mile of the City of London, which is covered by the City of London Police. It derives from the location of the original Metropolitan Police headquarters at 4 Whitehall Place, which had a rear entrance on a street called Great Scotland Yard. The Scotland Yard entrance became the public entrance to the police station. Over time, the street and the Metropolitan Police became synonymous. The Metropolitan Police moved away from Scotland Yard in 1890, and the name "New Scotland Yard" was adopted for the new headquarters.

蘇格蘭場(chǎng)是對(duì)英國(guó)首都倫敦警察廳總部的代稱。蘇格蘭場(chǎng)負(fù)責(zé)維持包括整個(gè)大倫敦地區(qū)的公共治安及交通秩序，但倫敦市除外，該區(qū)的警務(wù)由倫敦市警察管轄。“蘇格蘭場(chǎng)”的得名，源于警察廳的舊址白廳廣場(chǎng)4號(hào)。據(jù)說(shuō)，當(dāng)時(shí)警察廳在此處設(shè)有一扇后門，正對(duì)著一處名為“大蘇格蘭場(chǎng)”的地方(小編注：Great Scotland Yard，該處可能是蘇格蘭和英格蘭合并組成聯(lián)合王國(guó)之前，蘇格蘭國(guó)王訪問(wèn)英格蘭時(shí)使用的宮殿或蘇格蘭王國(guó)駐英格蘭大使使用的宮殿)。此后，這扇門就成了警察廳的公共入口。久而久之，“蘇格蘭場(chǎng)”就成了倫敦警察廳的代名詞。1890年，警察廳搬離蘇格蘭場(chǎng)地區(qū)，現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的“新蘇格蘭場(chǎng)”也就是對(duì)警察廳新總部的別稱。

Scotland Yard has become internationally famous as a symbol of policing, and detectives from Scotland Yard feature in many works of crime fiction. They were frequent allies, and sometimes antagonists, of Sherlock Holmes in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's famous stories. It is also referred to in Around the World in Eighty Days. In the James Bond novels and short stories, Assistant Commissioner Sir Ronald Vallance is a recurring fictional character who works for Scotland Yard.

作為警察的代名詞，蘇格蘭場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)在許多偵探探案類小說(shuō)中，由此而蜚聲國(guó)際。在柯南-道爾的小說(shuō)中，蘇格蘭場(chǎng)的警察們與大偵探福爾摩斯的關(guān)系也是亦敵亦友。蘇格蘭場(chǎng)在小說(shuō)《環(huán)游世界80天》中也有出現(xiàn)。在邦德系列小說(shuō)中，助理局長(zhǎng)羅尼-瓦藍(lán)斯多次出場(chǎng)，他也是為蘇格蘭場(chǎng)效力的。