諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)有幾個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)？

 

Nobel Literature Prize / Nobel Prize in literature 諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction".

The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize in any given year.

根據(jù)創(chuàng)立者的遺囑，諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)金授予“最近一年來”“在文學(xué)方面創(chuàng)作出具有理想傾向的最佳作品的人”。1900年經(jīng)國王批準(zhǔn)的基本章程中改為“近年來創(chuàng)作的”或“近年來才顯示出其意義的”作品，“文學(xué)作品”的概念擴(kuò)展為“具有文學(xué)價(jià)值的作品”，即包括歷史和哲學(xué)著作。

Nobel Peace Prize 諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)

According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who “ ...shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses”.

獎(jiǎng)給為促進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié)友好、取消或裁減常備軍隊(duì)以及為和平會議的組織和宣傳盡到最大努力或作出最大貢獻(xiàn)的人。不過該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)也可以授予符合獲獎(jiǎng)條件的機(jī)構(gòu)與組織。

Nobel Physics Prize / Nobel Prize in physics 諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics.

獎(jiǎng)給在物理界有最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)或發(fā)明的人，由瑞典皇家自然科學(xué)院頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金。

Nobel Chemistry Prize / Nobel Prize in chemistry 諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

獎(jiǎng)給在化學(xué)上有最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)或改進(jìn)的人。該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)于每年的12月10日——諾貝爾的逝世周年紀(jì)念日頒發(fā)。

Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field.

獎(jiǎng)給在醫(yī)學(xué)和生理學(xué)界有最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)的人。

Nobel Economics Prize 諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

Sveriges Riksbank celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1968 by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation. The following year, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for the first time.

諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)并非諾貝爾遺囑中提到的五大獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)領(lǐng)域之一，是由瑞典銀行在1968年為紀(jì)念諾貝爾而增設(shè)的，全稱應(yīng)為“紀(jì)念阿爾弗雷德-諾貝爾瑞典銀行經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)”。