“你有權(quán)保持沉默”的由來

        You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an lawyer. If you cannot afford an lawyer, one will be provided for you. Do you understand?
　　你有權(quán)保持沉默，你所說的一切都將作為承堂證供。你有權(quán)請一個律師。如果你付不起律師費(fèi)，我們能免費(fèi)指派一名律師給你。清楚了么？

　　其實(shí)還有一個更冗長的版本：
　　You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions. Do you understand?
　　Anything you do say may be used against you in a court of law. Do you understand?
　　You have the right to consult an attorney before speaking to the police and to have an attorney present during questioning now or in the future. Do you understand?If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you before any questioning if you wish. Do you understand?
　　If you decide to answer questions now without an attorney present you will still have the right to stop answering at any time until you talk to an attorney. Do you understand?
　　Knowing and understanding your rights as I have explained them to you, are you willing to answer my questions without an attorney present?
　　這么長，說完別說觀眾，罪犯也睡著啦~~~那么這段話有什么講究來歷呢？

　　這段宣告，稱為「米蘭達(dá)原則」(Miranda Warning)，又稱米蘭達(dá)警語。這個警語的名字由來，要回溯到1966年的「米蘭達(dá)案」。1963年，恩尼斯托·米蘭達(dá)(Ernesto Miranda)因?yàn)榻壖?、性侵罪名被捕。在沒有告知憲法賦予他應(yīng)有的權(quán)利的情況下，米蘭達(dá)坦承犯行。在法庭審判時(shí)，檢方也只以米蘭達(dá)的自白作為證據(jù)。此案最后由美國聯(lián)邦最高法院認(rèn)定米蘭達(dá)并不了解他有「不證己罪」的權(quán)利，而且在接受審訊過程中遭受威脅恫嚇，因此推翻了原有的判決。米蘭達(dá)后來因?yàn)橛行氯俗C與事證出現(xiàn)，而重新受審，最后入獄7年。不過，各國對應(yīng)于米蘭達(dá)原則的權(quán)利宣告也有不同的情形，例如在英國或韋爾斯地區(qū)的版本則是：

　　You do not have to say anything, but it may harm your defense if you do not mention, when questioned, something which you later rely on in court. Anything you do say may be given in evidence.

　　真實(shí)生活也許并不像電影中那樣，但是了解米蘭達(dá)原則還是非常重要，應(yīng)得的權(quán)利，不能輕言放棄！