英語動詞語態(tài)是怎樣的?什么是英語中的被動語態(tài)?
大家在學習英語動詞的時候,是需要了解下英語動詞語態(tài)方面的知識的,那么英語動詞語態(tài)是怎樣的?什么是英語中的被動語態(tài)呢?今天就給大家具體介紹下這些問題,以供參考。
英語動詞語態(tài)
英語語法大全——英語動詞語態(tài)
動詞的語態(tài)概述
語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài);主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。
1)若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 時,該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2)情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞,構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
let 的用法
1)當let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞,變被動語態(tài)時,可用不帶to 的不定式。
They let the strange go.
---> The strange was let go.
2)若let 后賓補較長時,let 通常不用被動語態(tài),而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
短語動詞的被動語態(tài)
短語動詞是一個整體,不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
表示"據(jù)說"或"相信" 的詞組
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, supp
ose, think, understand
It is said that…據(jù)說
It is reported that…據(jù)報道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that…眾所周知
It is thought that…大家認為
It is suggested that…據(jù)建議
It is taken granted that…被視為當然
It has been decided that…大家決定
It must be remember that…務(wù)必記住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
不用被動語態(tài)的情況
1)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài):
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比較:rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞;raise, seat是及物動詞。
(錯) The price has been risen.
(對) The price has risen.
(錯) The accident was happened last week.
(對) The accident happened last week.
(錯) The price has raised.
(對) The price has been raised.
(錯) Please seat.
(對) Please be seated.
要想正確地使用被動語態(tài),就須注意哪些動詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。
2)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3)系動詞無被動語態(tài):
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4)帶同源賓語的及物動詞,反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動語態(tài):
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5)當賓語是不定式時,很少用于被動語態(tài)。
(對) She likes to swim.
(錯) To swim is liked by her.
主動形式表示被動意義
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。
This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.
3)在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。
The door needs repairing.
= The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下。
This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。
4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu):make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己),
have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
被動形式表示主動意義
be determined,
be pleased,
be graduated (from),
be finished,
be prepared (for),
be occupied (in),
get marries
He is graduated from a famous university.
他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學。
注意:表示同某人結(jié)婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
need/want/require/worth
注意:當 need, want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動
。
初中英語動詞語態(tài)講解
被動語態(tài):表示主語是動作的承受者,什么事情被主語做。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和形式被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成,一定要記住是及物動詞。助動詞必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致,注意要與我們前一講學過的八個時態(tài)配合使用。
適合被動語態(tài)的情況:
不知道動作由誰發(fā)出,或由于某種原因沒有必要說明誰發(fā)出動作。如: This table is made of wood. 需要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者時,如: This park was built for children.
注意:主動句中的主語如果是people,they,somebody等含糊的表示"人或人們",沒有確指執(zhí)行者是誰,為被動句時,通常省略"by+執(zhí)行者"。如:The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.
注意:在主動句里,不定式在make,see,hear等動詞后面作賓語補足語時都不帶to,但變成被動句時,后面的不定式都需帶to。如:He was made to do that work.
主動語態(tài)不能變被動語態(tài)的情況:學了被動語態(tài),別以為主動句和被動句可以隨意轉(zhuǎn)換,千萬要注意呀!有些主動語態(tài)不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。當賓語是反身代詞時, 如:You should take care of yourself.當謂語是表狀態(tài)的而不是表具體動作的及物動詞時,如:Does the skirt suit you?
英語動詞語態(tài)
學好英語語法——英語動詞語態(tài)
動詞的語態(tài)是用來表示動作的主語和謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)的主語是動作的承受者。在被動語態(tài)中,動作的執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引出。
考點:
1、常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式;
2、短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài);
3、不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞;
4、被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動;
5、主動形式表被動等。
1 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
英語中,一般只有及物動詞或動詞短語才有被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式主要有:
1)被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式
被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式為“be+過去分詞”。其中be無意義,但有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如下表。
2)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式
當被動語態(tài)與情態(tài)動詞結(jié)合使用時,結(jié)構(gòu)形式為“情態(tài)動詞+be+done”。有時情態(tài)動詞后的be還可用完成形式。
I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
家住機場邊,飛機伴我眠。
正規(guī)版:我住在機場邊上,每天白天黑夜都能聽到飛機(轟鳴)的聲音。
3)“get+過去分詞”被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式
略!請自行造句學習。
2 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
轉(zhuǎn)換步驟(總共分三步):
?、儋e語(逆襲):現(xiàn)將主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z;
②動詞(變形):再將主動句中的謂語變?yōu)楸粍有问?
?、壑髡Z(讓位):最后將主動句中的主語變?yōu)橛蒪y引導(dǎo)的短語并后置。
注意:
將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,謂語動詞的時態(tài)不變(別把人家整穿越了);
主動句中做賓語的人稱代詞需要變?yōu)橹鞲?,作主語的人稱代詞放在介詞后變?yōu)橘e格。
主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)的幾種情況
1)“主語+謂語動詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)變被動句
動詞變換。主語賓語換位置,變格。
重點:
*主句如果是帶no的否定句,被動句常用no,neither或never等。
No onehas ever beaten her at tennis competition.
無人能在乒乓球比賽中擊敗她!世界の最強!
She hasneverbeen beaten at tennis competition.
她在乒乓球比賽中從未被擊敗過!
*否定的主動句中帶有any-構(gòu)成的不定代詞作賓語時,變成被動句時,主語常由no-構(gòu)成的否定代詞。
We didn’t noticeanythingspecial in his work.
Nothingspecial was noticed in his work.
2)“主語——謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動句
變成被動句時,有兩種情況。
①將間接賓語變成被動句的主語,直接賓語位置不變;
?、诎阎苯淤e語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,間接賓語前面加上介詞to或for。
My uncle boughtmea newcomputer.
間接賓語 直接賓語
請記住:動作的直接承受者是直接賓語,中間者為間接賓語。
?、買 was bought a new computer by my uncle.
②A new computer was bought for me by my uncle.
注意:
并非所有雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)都可變成兩種形式的被動句,當直接賓語是從句時就不能變成被動句的主語。
She told me when the project would start.
I was told when the project would start. (√)
When the project would start was told to me. (×這樣說實在是太難受了,但并不影響理解)
3)“主語+謂語動詞+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)變被動句
變成被動句,將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z,賓語補足語位置不變,也自然成為主語補足語。
People call this team acheerleading squad.
人們管這種隊伍叫啦啦隊(啦啦隊是賓補)。
This team is called a cheerleading squad.
重點:
在主動句中,使役動詞have, make, let以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面接不定式作賓語補足語時,不帶to,但變成被動句時,需加上to。
Sir! I notice a stranger to enter the hall. Should I shoot or solute?
長官!我發(fā)現(xiàn)大廳來了一位陌生人。我是該射擊還是敬禮?
A stranger is noticed to enter the hall.
4)含有be going to do 和be to do等結(jié)構(gòu)的主動句變被動句
含有be going to do 和be to do等結(jié)構(gòu)的主動句變成被動句時,謂語動詞分別用be going to be done和be to be done結(jié)構(gòu),其中第一個be只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種形式。
We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting.
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.
They are to show this new film on TV next week.
This new film is to be shown on TV next week.
5)含有賓語從句的主動句變被動句
帶有賓語從句的主動句變成被動句時,通常用it做被動句的形式主語,謂語動詞改為be done結(jié)構(gòu),賓語從句保留不變,也就自然成了主語從句;
或?qū)⒅鲃泳渲袕木涞闹髡Z變成被動句的主語,從句的謂語變成不定式短語。
We know that he is the best dentist in the town.
It is known to us that he is the best dentist in the town. (賓語保留不變,采用形式賓語it)
He is known to be the best dentist in the town. (從句主語變成被動句主語)
重點:
用it作形式主語的被動語態(tài)句型還有:it is said that據(jù)說…; it is reported that據(jù)報道…;it is thought that人們認為…;it is well known that眾所周知…;
6)謂語為動詞短語的主動句變被動句
有些不及物動詞后面跟上介詞或副詞后,變成一個動詞短語,相當于一個及物動詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以有被動語態(tài),但不能把動詞與其后的介詞或副詞拆開。
They have put off the meeting permanently till the country is stable again.
他們把這次會議無限期推遲了,直到國家再次穩(wěn)定。(智利的APEC峰會了解一下)
The meeting has been put off permanently till the country is stable again.
7)雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)
雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)指的是句中謂語動詞和其后的不定式均為被動結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語既是謂語動詞動作的承受者,同時又是不定時動作的承受者。(這部分比較繞,請好好看例句,另外英國人超喜歡被動語句,但實際上西方人做啥事情又超主動。。。)
They asked us to discuss the problem at once. (主動句)
We were asked to discuss the problem at once. (被動句)
The problem was asked to be discussed at once. (雙重被動:problem被要求被討論)
The children are often asked to do too much homework.
Too much homework is asked to be done by children.
什么是英語中的被動語態(tài)
那么什么叫做語態(tài)?語態(tài)是用來表示主語和位于動詞之間的關(guān)系,有主動和被動兩種。主動主語就是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)就是主語是謂語動詞承受者。
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。
被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)很簡單,就是be+done(動詞的過去分詞)
我們需要明確幾個注意事項:
第一,只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。
第二,被動語態(tài)的否定式,not放在助動詞之后,疑問式中,助動詞需要提到主語前。
被動語態(tài)可以放在各種時態(tài)之中,例句如下:
一般現(xiàn)在時:These chairs are designed for children.
一般過去時: We were moved by the story.
我們以一個試題來檢測大家對被動語態(tài)的掌握。
At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement____(reach),請大家嘗試填入正確的形式。
通過以上的內(nèi)容,我們已經(jīng)了解了英語動詞語態(tài)方面的知識了,可見,英語動詞語態(tài)方面的知識點還是比較多的,大家一定要認真學習,如果有不明白的地方,可以咨詢聽力課堂。