用法一: 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。(動詞用原型,第三人稱+s)
1.Tom wears a belt round his waist. 湯姆腰里系著一根皮帶。
解析:Tom (第三人稱)wears(wear+s 即原型+s) a belt round his waist.
這里表示經(jīng)常性的、習慣性的動作,Tom 昨天腰里系著一根皮帶,今天也系了,明天、后天……或許一直系了著,一直處于這種狀態(tài)。
2.The train goes backwards and forwards between the two towns. 這列火車在兩座城市間來回開。
3. I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
用法二: 觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
The sick child is better today. 生病的孩子今天身體好點了。
I enjoy songs such as this one. 我欣賞這樣的歌曲。
I like all musical instruments except the violin. 除了提琴我什么樂器都喜歡。
用法三: 表示現(xiàn)在的能力、特征、職業(yè)等。
He sings well. 他唱歌唱得好。
Mr. Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法語。
用法四: 表示客觀真理、科學事實、格言以及不受時間限制的客觀存在。
Summer follows spring. 春去夏來。
Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量。
The earth turns around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
易錯點擊:
在做題時,錯誤主要出現(xiàn)在人稱及句式變換上。
其句式變化可分為兩種情況
1)表示動作, 一般人稱作主語的,變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞don’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞do。
例. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?
2) 單三人稱做主語的,變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞doesn’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞does。
例. Jenny speaks English very well.
Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be動詞的要在be上做變化.
例. Danny is a good student.
Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
其時間狀語為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
做題時常見錯誤如下:
一、be動詞與行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在句子中
例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
答案:plant
解析:學生往往會用漢語的思維方式去翻譯,就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學習英語最忌諱的,要看語法是不是正確,在英語中,be是表狀態(tài),do是表動作,兩種動詞不能同時出現(xiàn)在句子中,可記住如下口訣:“英漢語言有差異,be 、do不能放一起,仔細琢磨細分析,語法千萬要牢記。”
專項練習:
一、 單選
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B
二、填空
1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
3Her home____ _____ ______(遠離 )her school.
4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?
8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look
5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play
二、單三人稱形式易出錯
例:1 He plaies (play) football very well.
2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
答案:1 plays 2 goes
解析:1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;2與名詞變復數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.
三、在句式變換時易出錯
例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
解析:單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時做句式變化時,可記住如下口訣:“見助動,用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
四、對do的理解易出錯
例:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案:don’t do
解析:do是一個比較難理解的詞,它有三個含義: a)是所有行為動詞的總稱;b)是助動詞,無實義;c)是一個具體的行為動詞“做,干”。此句中給出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌薯氃赿o前加助動詞don’t。
五、對主語的數(shù)判斷有誤
例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個人在北京”,但with在此做伴隨狀語,不能做主語,故用is.
另外,賓語從句中,從句部分若是表示客觀真理,不管主句是何時態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時;在時間和條件狀語從句中,主句表將來,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。