語法項目 | 構(gòu) 成 | 用 法 | 象 征 詞 | 規(guī)則變化 | 不規(guī)則變化 | 例 句 |
一般現(xiàn)在時 | 動詞用原形 三人稱單數(shù)-s / es |
表示經(jīng)常性的 動作或狀態(tài) |
Every often always on 天 in月、季、節(jié)、年。 | 一般-s –es 輔音+y---ies | have----has |
He goes to school every day. I often have lunch at home. |
一般過去時 | 動詞用過去時 Be—was/ were |
表過去某個、段時間內(nèi)動作及狀態(tài) | ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 | 一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結(jié)尾-ied | go-went come-came do-did leave-left等 |
He wrote a letter yesterday. I studied hard last year. |
一般將來時 | be going to+V原 will / shall + V原 |
在將來某個時間或 某段時要做的事 |
tomorrow / after next / tonight in 2010 |
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Go come leave stay fly等用進行表將來 |
Are you going to read ? He is coming tomorrow . |
現(xiàn)在進行時 | be+doing | 表此時此刻正進行的動作或狀態(tài) | listen look now all the time Don’t… |
一般去e 雙寫 +ing |
tie die lie – 變ie為y加ing |
Tom is writing now . They are lying on the bed . |
現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成進行 |
have / has +PP have/has been+doing |
發(fā)生在過去影響在現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)等 | 含糊的頻率副詞 already just never ever | 分詞規(guī)則的同過去式是一樣的 | 不規(guī)則的動詞的過去分詞需逐個記憶 | I have been teaching for 8 years. He has slept for two days. |
.過去進行時 | was / were +doing 多用于復(fù)合句中 |
表在過去某時間正在進行的動作 | at this time yesterday last Sunday evening |
一般去e 雙寫 +ing |
tie die lie – 變ie為y加ing |
He was reading at that time last Friday |
過去完成時 | had+動過去分詞 多用于復(fù)合句中 |
該動作發(fā)生在過去的過去 | by the time+過去時 when after before |
規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)成與過去時一樣的 | 需要逐個記憶 詳見不規(guī)則動詞表 |
We had learnt 2000 words by the end of last year. |
過去將來時 | would + V 原形 多用賓語從句中 |
過去看來將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài) | He said that he… the next day . | He said that he would come here the next day . | ||
比較級形式 形容副詞名詞 |
后--er 前加more 名詞比較用more |
表示兩個人、物 之間進行比較時 |
than /much/ a little far / in the two 等 |
一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結(jié)尾-ier | good/well —better much/many—more |
She is the tall in the two. He runs faster than Tom . |
最高級形式 形容副詞名詞 |
后-est 前加most 名詞比較用most |
大于等于三個人、物之間進行比較 | in the +比較范圍 of the 具體的數(shù)字 |
一般/去e 雙寫/輔+y結(jié)尾-iest | bad/ill/badly-worst far-farther-farthest |
She is the most beautiful in her class.(最高級加the) |
動詞不定式 to do沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化 |
作主語 To read is helpful for anybody now . |
作賓語 He wants to buy a dictionary. |
作賓補 I hear him sing yesterday Tom told me to open it. |
作表語 His job is to take care of children . |
作狀語 He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . |
作定語 He has much homework to do every day . |
主從復(fù)合句 | 狀語從句 句子作狀語 (時間地點原因條件讓步比較) He was writing a letter when I came in。 |
賓語從句 句子作賓語(語序、時態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實) He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. |
定語從句 句子作定語(修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞) I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday |
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主動結(jié)構(gòu) 與 被動結(jié)構(gòu) |
主動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+ 謂語 + 賓語 動作執(zhí)行者 + 及物動詞 + 動作承受者 被動語態(tài):主語(人、物)+be PP + by賓語 動作承受者 + be PP + by動作執(zhí)行者 在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省to 的不定式 |
We speak English . 主語 謂語 賓語 English is spoken by us 賓改主 謂語動詞 be PP 主by 賓 |
主動變被動,先找主、謂、賓,賓改主、主by賓,代詞變格要細心,謂語動詞be pp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被 PP 是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed 或不規(guī)則詳見表 被動句的時態(tài)(be)隨主動句的時態(tài)(do)人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等 ) |