2013高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法最后30天精講精練
名詞、數(shù)詞、冠詞
一、名詞
1、在句子里使用名詞應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:
名詞的數(shù):?jiǎn)螖?shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù);
名詞的格:通格和屬格 (’s )
名詞的限定:特指、泛指、數(shù)量和習(xí)慣用法,即名詞前加冠詞或
其它限定詞, 例如: some, many , this, my 等
2、名詞的數(shù)和單位詞:
1)復(fù)型名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.
備用詞: shoes, stockings, glasses, socks
NOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.
2)復(fù)型名詞 + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞
A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.
備用詞:mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States
B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
備用詞: five pounds, two feet, six weeks
3) 集合名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
The police have surrounded the building.
Cattle are selling for record price (創(chuàng)記錄).
備用詞: the enemy, (the) people
NOTICE: 表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數(shù)詞??勺鲝?fù)數(shù)用,
但若把這個(gè)集合體看作整體就用作單數(shù):
My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.
The family which now consists of four members at most is
smaller than it used to be.
4)不可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)的情況
A. 部分不可數(shù)名詞可以有下列情況
a (an) + adj. + n.
It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲)
a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.
備用詞: snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education
B.口語(yǔ)特例(特定場(chǎng)合)
A (One) beer, please.
Two teas and four coffees, please.
5)既是可數(shù)又是不可數(shù)的名詞
I broke a glass this morning. (杯子)
Glass is made from sand. (玻璃)
備用詞: paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(燈);
ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(雞肉) / a chicken (雛雞)
6) 單位詞
A.個(gè)數(shù)
a piece of information (furniture, advice…)
B. 以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù)
a grain of rice, a flight of stairs
C. 容量
a box of matches, a cup of tea
D. 計(jì)量
a metre of cloth, a ton of coal
E.其它
a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)