佛教常識(shí)_釋迦牟尼一生游行教化的區(qū)域，是哪些地方？

Where did Sākyamuni travel and preach during his life?
釋迦牟尼一生游行教化的區(qū)域，是哪些地方？

According to historical records and excavations, the Buddha's own footprints mainly covered Central India. His disciples, dispersed in all quarters, might have gone further afield. There are also legends in Sri Lanka and Myanmar about the Buddha visiting and leaving his footprints there. During the Buddha's lifetime, he resided for the most part in Rājagaha, in the states of Magadha and Sāvatthī in the state of Kosala. Outside Rājagaha was a bamboo forest, donated to the Buddha and his disciples by King Bimbisāra, which later came to be known as Bamboo Grove Monastery (Ve?uvanārāmaya). In Sāvatthī, there was a garden given to the Buddha jointly by a rich merchant, Sudatta, and Prince Jeta of Kosala. This garden was known later as Jeta Grove Monastery (Jetavanārāmaya or Jetavana Anāthapi??ikassa-ārāma). Since the Buddha used to travel between the two places, both became important sites for the promotion of his doctrines. Gijjhakū?a Hill, situated south of Rājagaha, was another place frequented by the Buddha and his disciples for preaching. Prior to his death, the Buddha went northward from Rājagaha to Vesālī (Bihar Pradesh in modern India). Then he turned northwest, and finally arrived at Kusināra (now Kasia in Uttar Pradesh, India) where he passed away (Parinibbāna). In modern times, excavations have uncovered the site of his cremation, and discovered a stone-carved image of his nibbāna as well as other relics. In commemoration of the 2,500th anniversary of the Buddha's Nibbāna (S. Nirvāna), the government of India has done some essential repair and construction in the holy place.
根據(jù)記載和發(fā)掘的資料，佛自己足跡所到的地方，主要是中印度。他的弟子們分到四方游化，可能更遠(yuǎn)一些。但是斯里蘭卡和緬甸都有佛曾經(jīng)到過并留下足印的傳說。佛居住的地方，以摩揭陀國的王舍城和拘薩羅國（Kosala）的舍衛(wèi)城（Sāvatthī）的時(shí)間為最多。在王舍城外有一個(gè)竹林，是頻毗娑羅王（Bimbisāra）獻(xiàn)給佛和僧眾居住的，后人稱為竹林精舍。在舍衛(wèi)城有一個(gè)林園是當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)富商須達(dá)多（Sudatta）和拘薩羅國王子祇陀（Jeta）共同獻(xiàn)給佛的，后人稱為祇園精舍。佛常往來兩處，所以竹林、祇園并為說法的重地。王舍城南面的靈鷲山（Gijjhakū?a）也是佛常和弟子們說法的地方。佛逝世前由王舍城北行到毗舍離（Vesālī）城（今印度比哈爾省境內(nèi)），又由毗舍離向西北行，最后到了拘尸那伽（今印度聯(lián)合省伽夏城Kasia），佛是在拘尸那伽逝世的?，F(xiàn)在佛逝世處，發(fā)掘出佛遺體火化的地方和石刻的佛涅槃像以及其他古跡。印度政府為了紀(jì)念佛涅槃二千五百年，曾對這個(gè)圣地予以必要的修復(fù)和建設(shè)。