讀點(diǎn)好英文:The Last Class 最后一課

The Last Class 最后一課

Alphonse Daudet

I was very late for school that morning, and I was terribly afraid of being scolded, especially as Monsieur Hamel had told us that he should examine us on participles, and I did not know the first thing about them. For a moment I thought of staying away from school and wandering about the fields. It was such a warm, lovely day. I could hear the blackbirds whistling on the edge of the wood, and in the Rippert field, behind the sawmill, the Prussians going through their drill. All that was much more tempting to me than the rules concerning participles; but I had the strength to resist, and I ran as fast as I could to school.

As I passed the mayor's office, I saw that there were people gathered about the little board on which notices were posted. For two years all our bad news had come from that board—battles lost, conscriptions, orders from headquarters; and I thought without stopping, "What can it be now?"

Then, as I ran across the square, Watcher the blacksmith, who stood there with his apprentice, reading the placard, called out to me, "Don't hurry so, my boy; you'll get to your school soon enough!" I thought that he was making fun of me, and I ran into Monsieur Hamel's little yard all out of breath.

Usually, at the beginning of school, there was a great uproar which could be heard in the street, desks opening and closing, lessons repeated aloud in unison, with our ears stuffed in order to learn quicker, and the teacher's stout ruler beating on the desk, "A little more quiet!" I counted on all this noise to reach my bench unnoticed; but as it happened, that day everything was quiet, like a Sunday morning. Through the open window I saw my comrades already in their places, and Monsieur Hamel walking back and forth with the terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and enter, in the midst of that perfect silence. You can imagine whether I blushed and whether I was afraid! But no! Monsieur Hamel looked at me with no sign of anger and said very gently, "Go at once to your seat, my little Frantz, we were going to begin without you."

I stepped over the bench and sat down at once at my desk. Not until then, when I had partly recovered from my fright, did I notice that our teacher had on his handsome blue coat, his plaited ruff, and the black silk embroidered breeches, which he wore only on days of inspection or of distribution of prizes. Moreover, there was something extraordinary, something solemn about the whole class. But what surprised me most was to see at the back of the room, on the benches which were usually empty, some people from the village sitting, as silent as we were: old Hauser with his three-cornered hat, the ex-mayor, the ex-postman, and others besides. They all seemed depressed; and Hauser had brought an old spelling-book with gnawed edges, which he held wide-open on his knee, with his great spectacles askew.

?While I was wondering at all this, Monsieur Hamel had mounted his platform, and in the same gentle and serious voice with which he had welcomed me, he said to us, "My children, this is the last time that I shall teach you. Orders have come from Berlin to teach nothing but German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The new teacher arrives tomorrow. This is the last class in French, so I beg you to be very attentive." Those few words overwhelmed me. Ah! The villains! That was what they had posted at the mayor's office.

My last class in French! And I barely knew how to write! So I should never learn! I must stop short where I was! How angry I was with myself because of the time I had wasted, the lessons I had missed, running about after nests, or sliding on the Saar! My books, which only a moment before I thought so tiresome, so heavy to carry—my grammar, my sacred history—seemed to me now like old friends, from whom I should be terribly grieved to part. And it was the same about Monsieur Hamel. The thought that he was going away, that I should never see him again, made me forget the punishments, the blows with the ruler.

Poor man! It was in honor of that last lesson that he had put on his fine Sunday clothes; and I understood now why those old fellows from the village were sitting at the end of the room. It seemed to mean that they regretted not having come oftener to the school. It was also a way of thanking our teacher for his forty years of faithful service, and of paying their respects to the fatherland which was vanishing.

I was at that point in my reflections, when I heard my name called. It was my turn to recite. What would I not have given to be able to say from beginning to end that famous rule about participles, in a loud, distinct voice, without a slip! But I got mixed up at the first words, and I stood there swaying against my bench, with a full heart, afraid to raise my head. I heard Monsieur Hamel speaking to me, "I will not scold you, my little Frantz; you must be punished enough; that is the way it goes; every day we say to ourselves, 'Shaw! I have time enough. I will learn tomorrow.' And then you see what happens. Ah! It has been the great misfortune of our Alsace always to postpone its lessons until tomorrow. Now those people are entitled to say to us, 'What! You claim to be French, and you can neither speak nor write your language!' In all this, my poor Frantz, you are not the guiltiest one. We all have our fair share of reproaches to address to ourselves. Your parents have not been careful enough to see that you were educated. They preferred to send you to work in the fields or in the factories, in order to have a few more sous. And have I nothing to reproach myself for? Have I not often made you water my garden instead of studying? And when I wanted to go fishing for trout, have I ever hesitated to dismiss you?"

Then, passing from one thing to another, Monsieur Hamel began to talk to us about the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world, the most clear, the most substantial; that we must always retain it among ourselves, and never forget it, because when a people falls into servitude, so long as it clings to its language, it is as if it held the key to its prison. Then he took the grammar and read us our lesson. I was amazed to see how readily I understood. Everything that he said seemed so easy to me, so easy. I believed, too, that I had never listened so closely, and that he, for his part, had never been so patient with his explanations. One would have said that, before going away, the poor man desired to give us all his knowledge, to force it all into our heads at a single blow.

When the lesson was at an end, we passed to writing. For that day Monsieur Hamel had prepared some entirely new examples, on which was written in a fine, round hand, "France, Alsace, France, and Alsace." They were like little flags, waving all about the class, hanging from the rods of our desks. You should have seen how hard we all worked and how silent it was! Nothing could be heard save the grinding of the pens over the paper. At one time some cockchafers flew in, but no one paid any attention to them, not even the little fellows who were struggling with their straight lines, with a will and conscientious application, as if even the lines were French. On the roof of the schoolhouse, pigeons cooed in low tones, and I said to myself as I listened to them, "I wonder if they are going to compel them to sing in German too!".

From time to time, when I raised my eyes from my paper I saw Monsieur Hamel sitting motionless in his chair and staring at the objects about him as if he wished to carry away in his glance the whole of his little schoolhouse. Think of it! For forty years he had been there in the same place, with his yard in front of him and his class just as it was! But the benches and desks were polished and rubbed by use; the walnuts in the yard had grown, and the hop-vine which he himself had planted now festooned the windows even to the roof. What a heart-rending thing it must have been for that poor man to leave all those things, and to hear his sister walking back and forth in the room overhead, packing their trunks! For they were to go away the next day—to leave the province forever. However, he had the courage to keep the class to the end. After the writing, we had the lesson in history; then the little ones sang all together the ba, be, bi, bo, bu. Yonder, at the back of the room, old Hauser had put on his spectacles, and, holding his spelling-book in both hands, he spelled out the letters with them. I could see that he too was applying himself. His voice shook with emotion, and it was so funny to hear him, that was we all long to laugh and to cry. Ah! I shall remember that last class. Suddenly the church clock struck twelve, and then the Angelus rang. At the same moment, the bugles of the Prussians returning from drill blared under our windows Monsieur Hamel rose, pale as death, from his chair. Never had he seemed to me so tall.

My friends, he said, "My friends, I—I—" But something suffocated him. He could not finish the sentence. There upon he turned to the blackboard took a piece of chalk, and, bearing on with all his might, he wrote in the largest letters he could "VIVE LA FRANCE!" then he stood there, with his head resting against the wall, and without speaking, he motioned to us with his hand, "That is all go."

最后一課

［法］阿爾封斯·都德

那天早晨，我去上學(xué)，去得非常晚，我好害怕被責(zé)罵，特別是，韓麥爾先生跟我們說過，他要考我們分詞規(guī)則，而我連頭一個(gè)字都不會(huì)。這時(shí)，在我的頭腦里冒出了逃學(xué)，去野外玩一玩的念頭。天氣是那么暖和，那么晴朗！畫眉在小樹林邊鳴叫，普魯士士兵正在鋸木廠后面的草地上操練。所有這一切都比分詞規(guī)則更吸引我，但我還是頂住了誘惑，加快腳步向?qū)W校方向跑去。

從村政府門前經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，我看見許多人站在小布告欄前。這兩年來，所有的壞消息，諸如吃敗仗啦，征兵征物啦，還有普魯士占領(lǐng)軍司令部發(fā)布的命令啦，都是從那里來的。我邊跑邊想：“又有什么事嗎？”

當(dāng)我跑著穿過廣場的時(shí)候，正在布告欄前和徒弟一起看布告的瓦克特爾鐵匠朝我高喊：“小家伙，不用趕得那么急；你去得再晚也不會(huì)遲到的！”我以為他在跟我開玩笑，便上氣不接下氣地跑進(jìn)韓麥爾先生的小教室。

往常，開始上課的時(shí)候，總是一片亂哄哄的嘈雜聲，課桌的開關(guān)聲，同學(xué)們一起捂住耳朵高聲背誦課文的聲音，街上都聽得見。先生的大戒尺敲打著課桌：“安靜一點(diǎn)！”我打算趁這片嘈雜聲，偷偷地溜到我的座位上去?？墒牵@一天不同于往常，一切都很安靜，就像是星期天的早晨。透過敞開的窗戶，我看見同學(xué)們已經(jīng)整整齊齊地坐在他們的座上，韓麥爾先生腋下夾著那把可怕的鐵戒尺，來回地踱著步子。我必須推開教室門，在這一片靜謐中走進(jìn)教室。你們可以想像，當(dāng)時(shí)我會(huì)多么尷尬，多么害怕！可是，沒有。韓麥爾先生看著我，沒有生氣，而是非常溫和地對我說：“快點(diǎn)回到座位上，我的小弗朗士，我們就要開始上課了。”

我跨過凳子，馬上坐到座位上。我從驚慌中稍稍定下神來，這才注意到，我們的老師穿著他那件漂亮的藍(lán)色外套，領(lǐng)口系著折得很精致的領(lǐng)結(jié)，頭上戴著那頂刺繡的黑綢小圓帽，這套裝束，只有在上頭派人來學(xué)校視察或?qū)W校發(fā)獎(jiǎng)時(shí)他才穿戴的。此外，整個(gè)教室也有一種不同尋常的莊嚴(yán)的氣氛。但是，最使我吃驚的是，教室里那些平?？罩牡首由?，坐著一些跟我們一樣默不作聲的村里的人，有頭戴三角帽的奧澤爾老人，有前任鎮(zhèn)長，有以前的郵遞員，另外還有其他人。所有這些人都顯得很憂傷；奧澤爾老人還帶了一本邊角都已破損的舊識(shí)字課本，攤放在膝頭上，課本上橫放著他那副大眼鏡。

正當(dāng)我對這一切感到莫名驚詫時(shí)，韓麥爾先生已走上講臺(tái)，用剛才對我說話的那種既溫和又莊重的聲音，對我們說道：“孩子們，我這是最后一次給你們上課了。柏林來了命令，阿爾薩斯和洛林兩省的學(xué)校只準(zhǔn)教德語，新的老師明天就到。今天是你們最后一堂法語課，所以我請你們一定專心聽講。”這幾句話使我驚呆了。??！這些壞蛋，他們貼在村政府布告欄上的就是這個(gè)消息。

我的最后一堂法語課！我只是剛剛學(xué)會(huì)寫字！今后永遠(yuǎn)也學(xué)不到法語了！法語就到此為止了！我現(xiàn)在是多么悔恨自己蹉跎光陰??！悔恨自己從前逃課去掏鳥窩，去薩爾河溜冰！我的那些書，我的語法課本，我的神圣的歷史書，剛才背在身上還覺得那么討厭，那么沉重，現(xiàn)在卻像老朋友一樣，讓我難舍難分。還有韓麥爾先生。一想到他就要走了，再也見不到了，我就忘記了以前的處懲和責(zé)打。

可憐的人！他身著漂亮的節(jié)日盛裝，為的是向這最后的一堂課表達(dá)敬意?，F(xiàn)在，我明白了為什么村里的老人都坐在教室后面。這好像在說，他們后悔從前不常來學(xué)校。這也像是對我們的老師40年的優(yōu)秀教學(xué)，對今后不屬于他們的國土表示他們的敬意的一種方式。

我正陷于沉思之中，突然聽見叫我的名字。輪到我背分詞規(guī)則了。要是我能把這條重要的分詞規(guī)則大聲、清晰、準(zhǔn)確無誤地從頭背到尾，有什么代價(jià)我不愿付出呢？但是，我連開始的那些詞都搞不清楚。我站在凳子前面，左搖右晃，心里難受極了，不敢抬頭。我聽見韓麥爾先生說：“我不責(zé)備你，我的小弗朗士，你可能受夠了懲罰，事情就是如此。每天，我們都對自己說：‘算了吧！我有的是時(shí)間，我明天再學(xué)?！F(xiàn)在，你知道出了什么事嗎？唉！我們阿爾薩斯人的最大不幸就是把教育拖延到明天。現(xiàn)在，那些人有權(quán)利對我們說：‘怎么！你們聲稱自己是法國人，可你們既不會(huì)說也不會(huì)寫你們的語言！’我可憐的弗朗士，造成所有這一切，責(zé)任最大的并不是你。我們每個(gè)人都有許多應(yīng)該責(zé)備自己的地方。你們的父母沒有盡心讓你們好好讀書。他們寧愿把你們打發(fā)到田里或紗廠里去干活，為的是多掙幾個(gè)錢。我自己呢，難道我一點(diǎn)也沒有應(yīng)該責(zé)備自己的地方嗎？我不也是經(jīng)常讓你們到我的花園澆水以此代替學(xué)習(xí)嗎？當(dāng)我想釣鱒魚的時(shí)候，我不是隨隨便便就給你們放假嗎？”

韓麥爾先生從一件事談到另一件事，然后開始給我們講法語，他說，法語是世界上最優(yōu)美的語言，是最清晰的語言，最嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼Z言，我們應(yīng)該掌握它，永遠(yuǎn)也不要忘記。因?yàn)楫?dāng)一個(gè)民族淪為奴隸時(shí)，只要它好好地保存自己的語言，就好像掌握了打開監(jiān)牢的鑰匙。然后，他拿了一本語法書，我們開始朗誦課文。令我吃驚的是，我竟理解得這么透徹。他所講的一切對我都顯得很容易，很容易。我同樣覺得，我還從來沒有這么認(rèn)真聽講過，他也從來沒有這樣耐心講解過。這個(gè)可憐的人，仿佛想在離開這里以前，把他全部的知識(shí)都灌輸給我們，讓我們一下子掌握這些知識(shí)。

課文講解完了，我們開始練習(xí)寫字。這一天，韓麥爾先生為我們準(zhǔn)備了許多嶄新的字帖，上面用美麗的圓體字寫著：“法蘭西”、“阿爾薩斯”、“法蘭西”、“阿爾薩斯”。這些字帖卡片懸掛在我們課桌的金屬桿上，就像許多小旗在教室里飄揚(yáng)。每個(gè)人都是那樣聚精會(huì)神，教室里是那樣寂靜無聲！只聽得見筆尖在紙上的沙沙聲。有一回，幾只金龜子跑進(jìn)了教室，但是誰也不去注意它們，連年齡最小的也不例外，他們正專心致志地練直杠筆畫，仿佛這些筆畫也是法語。學(xué)校的屋頂上，鴿子低聲地咕咕地叫著，我一邊聽，一邊尋思：“他們該不會(huì)強(qiáng)迫這些鴿子用德語唱歌吧？”

我時(shí)不時(shí)地從書本上抬起眼睛，看見韓麥爾先生一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地坐在椅子上，注視著周圍的一切東西，仿佛要把這個(gè)小小教室里的一切都裝進(jìn)目光里帶走?？上攵?0年來，他一直住在這個(gè)地方，守著對面的院子和一直沒有變樣的教室。唯獨(dú)教室里的凳子、課桌被學(xué)生磨光滑了；院子里的胡桃樹長高了；他自己親手種下的那棵啤酒花如今爬滿了窗戶，爬上了屋頂。這個(gè)可憐的人聽到他妹妹在樓上的臥室里來來回回地收拾行李，想到自己就要告別眼前的一切，這對他來說是多么傷心難過的事啊！因?yàn)?，他們明天就要?jiǎng)由砹?，永遠(yuǎn)離開自己的家鄉(xiāng)?？墒?，他竟然還有勇氣把我們的課上完。習(xí)字過后，我們上了歷史課；接著小家伙們一起唱起了BaBeBiBoBu。教室后頭，奧澤爾老人戴上了眼鏡，兩手捧著識(shí)字課本，跟我們一起拼讀。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他也一樣專心，他的聲音由于激動(dòng)而顫抖，聽起來很滑稽，叫我們哭笑不得。噢！我將永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記這最后的一課。突然，教堂的鐘聲敲了12下，而后是祈禱的鐘聲。與此同時(shí)，普魯士士兵的操練完回營的號(hào)聲在我們的窗戶下回響。韓麥爾先生從椅子上站了起來，面色十分蒼白。他在我的心目中，從來也沒有顯得這么高大。

“我的朋友們，”他說道，“我的朋友們，我……我……”但是，像是有什么東西堵住了他的喉嚨，他沒能說完這句話。這時(shí)，他轉(zhuǎn)過身子，拿起一截粉筆，使盡了全身力氣，在黑板上盡可能大地寫下幾個(gè)字：“法蘭西萬歲！”然后，他呆呆地站在那里，頭靠著墻壁，一句話也說不出來，只是用手向我們示意：“下課了，你們走吧?！?/p>

實(shí)戰(zhàn)提升

Practising & Exercise

導(dǎo)讀

阿爾封斯·都德（Alphonse Daudet），19世紀(jì)法國著名現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家。由于窮困，他在十五歲就獨(dú)立謀生，先是在一所小學(xué)校里擔(dān)任學(xué)生自修輔導(dǎo)員，后來到巴黎從事文藝創(chuàng)作，過著清苦的青年文人生活。都德一生寫過近百篇短篇小說。他的文筆簡潔生動(dòng)、題材豐富多彩、構(gòu)思新穎巧妙、風(fēng)格素雅清淡。

《最后一課》描寫的是普法戰(zhàn)爭后被割讓給普魯士的阿爾薩斯省的一所鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)向祖國語言告別的最后一堂課。該文通過一個(gè)童稚無知小學(xué)生的自敘和他心理活動(dòng)的描寫，生動(dòng)地表現(xiàn)了法國人民遭受異國統(tǒng)治的痛苦和對自己祖國的熱愛。

核心單詞

terribly [?teribli] adv. 可怕地；很，非常

grieved [ɡri?vd] adj. 傷心的，悲痛的

sway [swei] v. 搖動(dòng)，搖擺

servitude [?s??vitju?d] n. 奴役（狀態(tài)）；束縛

bugle [?bju?ɡl] n. 軍號(hào)，喇叭

翻譯

Through the open window I saw my comrades already in their places, and Monsieur Hamel walking back and forth with the terrible iron ruler under his arm.

Poor man! It was in honor of that last lesson that he had put on his fine Sunday clothes; and I understood now why those old fellows from the village were sitting at the end of the room.