去看望祖父母或年長的親戚?降低風險的小貼士

去看望祖父母或年長的親戚?降低風險的小貼士

One of the hardest things during this pandemic — for kids and adult children — has been staying away from their parents and grandparents.

對兒童和成年兒童來說，在這場大流行期間最困難的事情之一就是遠離他們的父母和祖父母。

People 65 years and older are at higher risk for getting a severe case of COVID-19, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. And about 80% of deaths in the U.S. from COVID-19 have been in people older than 65.

據(jù)美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心稱，65歲及以上的人患COVID-19嚴重病例的風險更高。在美國死于COVID-19的人中，約80%的人年齡在65歲以上。

So it's been especially important for older people to practice social distancing — even from family members — to reduce the risk of infection.

因此，對老年人來說，保持社會距離，甚至與家庭成員保持距離，對降低感染風險尤為重要。

But the summer is here, communities are reopening and with many families living miles apart, a trip to see parents and grandparents is tempting. Here are some things to consider before you go.

但是夏天到了，社區(qū)重新開放，許多家庭相隔數(shù)英里，去看望父母和祖父母是很有誘惑力的。在你去之前，這里有一些事情需要考慮。

Assess the risk

評估風險

Remember, the risk of becoming severely ill with COIVID-19 increases with age, says Dr. Ravina Kullar, an epidemiologist and spokesperson for the Infectious Disease Society of America. So the older the parent or grandparent, the higher the risk is. And if your relative has an underlying health condition, like diabetes, lung disease, hypertension, or if they are immunosuppressed, "that puts them at even higher risk," Kullar says. So before the visit, assess the age and health of the person you are visiting — and consider whether the trip is worth the risk.

美國傳染病學(xué)會發(fā)言人、流行病學(xué)家拉維娜•庫拉爾博士說，要記住，隨著年齡的增長，感染COIVID-19的嚴重風險會增加。因此，父母或祖父母年齡越大，風險就越高。如果你的親戚有潛在的健康問題，比如糖尿病、肺病、高血壓，或者他們有抑制(生物體的)免疫反應(yīng)，“這會使他們面臨更高的風險，” 庫拉爾說。所以，在拜訪之前，評估一下你要拜訪的人的年齡和健康狀況，并考慮一下這趟拜訪是否值得冒險。

Plan ahead, by two weeks

提前兩周計劃

If you decide to make the trip, the two weeks leading up to the visit are key, says Dr. William Miller, an epidemiologist at Ohio State University College of Public Health. You want to reduce your chance of infection as much as possible. While complete quarantine may not be practical, limit outings or social gatherings, and take maximum precautions when going out.

俄亥俄州立大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的流行病學(xué)家威廉·米勒博士說，如果你決定去拜訪，去之前的兩周很關(guān)鍵。你要盡可能減少感染的機會。雖然完全隔離可能不可行，但要限制外出或社交聚會，并在外出時采取最大限度的預(yù)防措施。

Practice social distancing, wear a mask, and work from home if possible, to reduce your chances of getting infected. Complete quarantine would mean staying entirely home except for necessary medical care.

保持社交距離，戴上口罩，盡可能在家工作，以減少感染的幾率。完全隔離意味著除了必要的醫(yī)療護理外，完全呆在家里。

If you can, make it a road trip

如果可以的話，自駕游吧

Traveling by car will be safer than traveling by plane or train, Miller says. The main risks in a road trip are the stops along the way, such as restaurants or public restrooms.

米勒說，開車比坐飛機或火車更安全。公路旅行中最危險的地方是沿途的車站，比如餐館或公共衛(wèi)生間。

Kullar says. "If you have to fill up the gas tank, put gloves on and use hand sanitizer. Pack your own food so there are no additional stops at restaurants."

庫拉爾說。“如果你必須加油，戴上手套，使用洗手液。自己打包食物，這樣就不用在餐館逗留了。”

Think twice before you fly

坐飛機前要三思

"Planes are a major concern," Miller says, despite the high level of air filtration on most planes. In planes you are exposed to people several rows ahead and behind, for an extended period of time. It can also be hard to social distance as you navigate the airports.

“飛機是一個主要問題，”米勒說，盡管大多數(shù)飛機的空氣過濾水平很高。在飛機上，你會在一段很長的時間內(nèi)，與前面和后面幾排的人接觸。當你在機場穿梭時，也很難與人保持距離。

If you do take a plane, bus or train, "choose routes that are less populous," says Dr. Emily Landon, a hospital epidemiologist and infectious diseases specialist at University of Chicago Medicine. "Make sure you are wearing a mask and using hand hygiene," she says.

如果你乘坐飛機、公共汽車或火車，“選擇人口較少的路線，”芝加哥大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的醫(yī)院流行病學(xué)家和傳染病專家艾米麗·蘭登博士說。“一定要戴上口罩，保持手的衛(wèi)生，”她說。

Should you get tested?

你應(yīng)該做檢測嗎?

Kullar suggests getting a PCR test before you travel. That's the diagnostic test to determine if you are infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. People who are asymptomatic or presymptomatic can spread the virus, without even knowing they are infected. If your test is positive you should cancel your trip and quarantine yourself for 14 days and get retested. Also, it is important to tell anyone that you have been around of your positive test result, Kullar says.

庫拉爾建議在旅行前做一個PCR檢測。這是一種診斷測試，用來確定你是否感染了導(dǎo)致COVID-19的病毒。無癥狀或癥狀前的人可以在不知道自己感染的情況下傳播病毒。如果你的測試結(jié)果是陽性的，你應(yīng)該取消旅行，隔離14天，然后重新測試。庫拉爾說，另外，告訴任何人你的陽性測試結(jié)果，這一點很重要。

Limit activities when you get there

當你到達(拜訪的人)那里時，限制你的活動

What you do during the visit also matters. Avoid crowds, and stick to outdoor activities as much as possible.

你在拜訪期間做什么也很重要。避開人群，盡量堅持戶外活動。

"Don't go out to theme parks and museums [or other crowded places], even if the grandparents don't go along," Miller says. That's because most transmissions of the virus are thought to happen in household settings. So if you get exposed outside the home you could bring that home and infect your relatives.

“不要去主題公園和博物館(或其他擁擠的地方)，即使祖父母不跟去，”米勒說。這是因為大多數(shù)病毒的傳播都發(fā)生在家庭環(huán)境中。所以，如果你在室外接觸到病毒，你可能會把病毒帶回家，感染你的親戚。