循環(huán)經(jīng)濟走進了你的客廳

循環(huán)經(jīng)濟走進了你的客廳

How to choose things for your home that have had, or can have, second lives.

如何為你的家選擇那些已經(jīng)擁有或可能擁有第二人生的東西。

The circular economy, as defined by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, starts at the very beginning of the life of a product. "Waste and pollution are not accidents, but the consequences are made at the design stage, where 80 percent of environmental impacts are decided."

麥克阿瑟基金會定義的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟始于產(chǎn)品生命的最初階段。“浪費和污染不是意外，但后果是在設計階段造成的，80%的環(huán)境影響是確定的。”

CC BY 2.0. Table made from old bowling alley/ Lloyd Alter

Most discussions of the circular economy relate to single-use plastics, but Emma Loewe of Mind Body Green raises very interesting points in her post, The Rise Of The Circular Economy & What It Means For Your Home. She notes that all the issues also apply to more longer-lived items.

大多數(shù)關于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的討論都與一次性塑料有關，但是Mind Body Green的愛瑪·洛伊在她的文章《循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的興起&它對你的家的意義》中提出了非常有趣的觀點。她指出，所有這些問題也適用于壽命更長的項目。

When applied to physical products, designing for circularity means creating things that can be reused multiple times or broken down into their constituent parts and then rebuilt into equally valuable items. It's about designing out that end-of-life step altogether and making objects that can stay in use, in some form, indefinitely.

當應用到實體產(chǎn)品時，循環(huán)設計意味著創(chuàng)建可以重復使用多次或分解為組成部分的東西，然后重新構建成同樣有價值的東西。這是關于設計出終結生命的步驟，并制造出可以以某種形式無限期使用的物品。

Windows at cottage/ Lloyd Alter/CC BY 2.0

These are issues that every designer should be thinking about. And not just buying vintage furniture (like I do) but getting creative with reusing and repurposing. Years ago we discussed Adhocism, coined by Charles Jencks and Nathan Silver in 1973, "Basically it involves using an available system or dealing with an existing situation in a new way to solve a problem quickly and effectively. It is a method of creation relying particularly on resources which are already at hand." An example is the dining room table in my cabin, shown at top, made from a bowling alley that I cut out of a building early in my architectural career. My dad built the side table out of laminated shipping container flooring. Or these windows, taken from a Toronto house during a renovation and rehung in a cabin in the woods.

這些是每個設計師都應該考慮的問題。不只是買古董家具(像我一樣)，還要創(chuàng)造性地重復使用和再利用。幾年前，我們討論過Adhocism，這個詞由Charles Jencks和Nathan Silver在1973年創(chuàng)造，“基本上它涉及使用一個可用的系統(tǒng)或以一種新的方式處理現(xiàn)有的情況以快速有效地解決一個問題。”這是一種特別依賴現(xiàn)有資源的創(chuàng)造方法。”舉個例子，我小屋里的餐桌，上面顯示的，是用保齡球館做成的，那是我在建筑生涯早期從一座建筑上剪下來的。我爸爸用集裝箱復合地板做了這張邊桌?；蛘哌@些窗戶，是在多倫多的一所房子翻新時，在樹林里的小木屋里重新掛起來的。

Ellen MacArthur Foundation/CC BY 2.0

As for buildings and communities, the Ellen Macarthur Foundation has looked at this too. As I noted in our post：

至于建筑物和社區(qū)，艾倫·麥克阿瑟基金會也在關注這一問題。正如我在文章中提到的：

We currently keep a lot of people working in the linear economy, digging up resources, turning them into products like cars or buildings that then take a lot more resources to operate, use them until they wear out or we are bored with them or our needs change, then throw them away and start over.

我們現(xiàn)在讓很多人在線性經(jīng)濟中工作，挖掘資源，把它們變成像汽車或建筑這樣的產(chǎn)品，然后需要更多的資源來運作，使用它們，直到它們耗盡，或者我們對它們感到厭煩，或者我們的需求改變，然后扔掉它們，重新開始。

© Fernish

Emma Loewe points out all kinds of ways that people can think circular in their homes. One can subscribe to TerraCycle's new Loop program (although I think Katherine's ideas for living zero waste are more practical and realistic). There are furniture subscriptions services like Fernish (although I think you are better off buying used). She notes that even IKEA is thinking circular these days. "We're trying to make more from less to make less waste in our production," Lena Pripp-Kovac, head of sustainability at Inter IKEA Group.

愛瑪·洛伊指出了人們在家里循環(huán)思考的各種方式。人們可以訂閱TerraCycle的新循環(huán)項目(盡管我認為凱瑟琳的生活零浪費的想法更實際和現(xiàn)實)。也有像Fernish這樣的家具訂閱服務(盡管我覺得你還是買二手貨比較好)。她指出，如今就連宜家也在考慮循環(huán)經(jīng)濟。宜家國際集團的可持續(xù)發(fā)展主管莉娜·普瑞普-科瓦克說:“我們正努力從更少的生產(chǎn)中獲得更多，減少生產(chǎn)過程中的浪費。”

Making stuff takes a lot of energy and makes a lot of CO2. Traditional recycling is, well, BS. Truly going circular is not easy; as I have written before, we have to change our entire culture; it is a different way of thinking about things. But as Loewe notes, we actually can go circular in our homes and in our kitchens, and it is still pretty enough for MindBodyGreen.

制造東西需要大量的能源，產(chǎn)生大量的二氧化碳。傳統(tǒng)的回收利用是廢話。真正的循環(huán)并不容易;正如我之前寫過的，我們必須改變我們的整個文化;這是一種不同的思考方式。但正如洛伊指出的，我們實際上可以在家里和廚房循環(huán)使用，這對MindBodyGreen來說已經(jīng)足夠了。